tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-38285618869301493232024-03-13T16:42:14.667-07:00Lined writing paper for kidshattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-13216779092957290352020-08-24T20:46:00.001-07:002020-08-24T20:46:03.285-07:0015 Basic Appeals Free Essaysââ¬Å"Advertising: 15 Basic Appealsâ⬠by Jib Fowles (from ââ¬Å"Mass Advertising As Social Forecastâ⬠) 1. Requirement for sex-shockingly, Fowles found that solitary 2 percent of the TV advertisements, he reviewed utilized this intrigue. It mayâ be excessively outright, he finished up, and regularly degrades the item. We will compose a custom paper test on 15 Basic Appeals or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now 2. Requirement for connection the biggest number of advertisements utilize this methodology: you are searching for kinship? Promoters can likewise utilize this adversely, to make you stress that youââ¬â¢ll lose companions on the off chance that you donââ¬â¢t utilize a specific item. 3. Need to support each time you see a doggy or a little cat or a kid, the intrigue is to your fatherly or maternal impulses. . Requirement for direction a dad or mother figure can engage your longing for somebody to think about you, s you wonââ¬â¢t need to stress. Betty Crocker is a genuine model. 5. Need to aggress-we as a whole want to settle the score, and a few advertisements give you this fulfillment. 6. Need to accomplish the capacity to achieve something troublesome and succeed distinguishes the item with winning. Sports figures as spokespersons venture this picture. 7. Need to overwhelm the force we need is the thing that we can search for in a business ââ¬Å"master the conceivable outc omes. â⬠8. Requirement for noticeable quality we need to be appreciated and regarded; to have high societal position. Elegant china and great precious stones offer this potential. 9. Requirement for consideration we need individuals to see us; we need to be taken a gander at. Beauty care products are a characteristic for this methodology. 10. Requirement for self-governance inside a packed situation, we need to be singled out, to be a ââ¬Å"breed separated. â⬠This can likewise be utilized adversely: you might be forgotten about on the off chance that you donââ¬â¢t utilize a specific item. 11. Need to escape-flight is exceptionally engaging; you can envision experiences you can't have; escape is pleasurable. 12. Need to have a sense of security to be liberated from dangers, to be secure is the intrigue of numerous protection and bank promotions. 3. Requirement for stylish sensations-magnificence draws in us, and exemplary craftsmanship or move causes us to feel inventive, upgraded. 14. Need to fulfill interest realities bolster our conviction that data is quantifiable and numbers and outlin es settle on our decisions appear to be logical. 15. Mental requirements Fowles characterizes sex (thing no. 1) as a natural need, thus he groups our need to rest, eat, and drink in this class. Sponsors for delicious pizza are particularly engaging late around evening time. Source: Media Impact Introduction to Mass Media (fourth Ed) Author: Shirley Biagi,â Wadsworth The most effective method to refer to 15 Basic Appeals, Essay models hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-5735707479297210362020-08-22T02:09:00.001-07:002020-08-22T02:09:40.275-07:00How did King George III lose his 13 American Colonies? Essay -- essaysà à à à à There is a typical misinterpretation that the sole reason for the American Revolutionary War was the charges forced on the provinces by Britain. In the event that a more critical look is taken at the historical backdrop of the Americas, in any case, it is anything but difficult to see that thought of opportunity had been beating through the states for a considerable length of time. Exactly how did His Majesty King George III lose his American provinces? The appropriate response is a chain of occasions hanging from the French and Indian war to the day George Washington gave over his soldiers to the Continental Congress, authoritatively finishing the War for Independence. à à à à à Before the French and Indian War, Britain had utilized an arrangement of Salutary Neglect with the settlements, giving them a feeling of opportunity. While Britain despite everything recognized the states, and the homesteaders stayed faithful to the crown, the provinces were commonly left to oversee themselves. After the French and Indian War, in any case, King George III saw in his states an approach to underwrite. England was in a post-war financial downturn, and required a wellspring of pay (Stamp Act). The settlements gave an ideal answer. They had set up their own frameworks of exchange and assembling during the hours of helpful disregard, and were turning out to be progressively independent. So as to get a portion of the colonistsââ¬â¢ funds, Britain started to pass a progression of charges. à à à à à The Stamp Act was passed in 1765, and set a duty on any papered products that were going into the settlements from Britain. This included papers, handouts, and playing a card game, just to give some examples (Stamp Act).The homesteaders had been so acclimated with their opportunity from the crown now, that they were incensed. The connection between the Mother nation and the provinces didn't improve with the instatement of the Townshend Acts of 1767. These demonstrations passed burdens on consistently merchandise that the homesteaders required, for example, lead, tea, glass and paint(Townshend Acts). By this point, the settlers were starting to address Britainââ¬â¢s thought processes towards them. They accepted they were being dealt with like slaves and being utilized exclusively for the monetary development of Britain. One night, in 1773, the settlers opposed these duties on their tea. A gathering of men dressed as Native Americans boarded a boat at Boston Harbor and emptied three vessels of burdened tea (Boston Tea Party). This occasion, known a... ...ish armed force required was, best case scenario, a half year away. à à à à à The American Revolutionary War authoritatively finished in 1783 with the marking of the Treaty of Paris. Presently, General Washington gave up his soldiers to the Continental Congress. The Americans had won their autonomy, a lot to the consternation of the British crown. Lord George III lost his American provinces because of various reasons. The duty of the American Revolution and King George IIIââ¬â¢s loss of his settlements can't be put on one explicit occasion, yet rather a development of pressures throughout the years making the possibility of opportunity ring through the provinces and drive them to make the United States of American a free nation ââ¬Ëwith freedom and equity for all.ââ¬â¢ Works Cited ââ¬Å"Boston Tea Party.â⬠Columbia University Press. 11 June 2005. ââ¬Å"Encyclopedia: Saratoga, Battles of.â⬠Funk and Wagnalls New Encyclopedia. 2005. June à â â â â 12, 2005. ââ¬Å"Intolerable Acts.â⬠Columbia University Press. 11 June 2005. ââ¬Å"Stamp Act of 1765.â⬠GNU Free Documentation. 12 June 2005. à â â â â ââ¬Å"Townshend Acts.â⬠GNU Free Documentation. 12 June 2005. hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-78919607825348027322020-07-24T07:49:00.001-07:002020-07-24T07:49:01.915-07:00Comments Killed the Internet StarComments Killed the Internet Star In a recent interview with Seth Godin on Zen Habits, Leo Babauta asked Seth why he removed comments from his website (which Leo did as well). Seth discussed how difficult it was for him, but he presented sound reasoning for it. Seth explained a part of his brain was always distracted by the commentsâ"this nagging voice telling him his writings wouldnât be appreciated by his readers. So Seth would argue with himself about removing a sentence here, adding an extra sentence thereâ"all to justify his point of view to avoid offending his readers: âI realized I had a choiceâ"I could have a blog with comments and no posts, or a blog with posts and no comments.â That was our âlightbulbâ moment. We killed the comments before they killed us. We turned off comments (in 2011) because we didnât want them shaping our writing into something inauthentic: if that happened, weâd be doing a disservice to our readers. Plus, we were spending 20 hours each week moderating and responding to innumerable comments, which wasnât adding as much value as it was taking. Comments are meant to engage readers, but less than one percent of the people who visited our website actually left a commentâ"because there are better ways to stay engaged. We appreciated the kind words from readers, the feedback, the valuable discussions; on the flip-side, we didnât appreciate the seagulls. Our website is a portal to engage with others to help them live more meaningful livesâ"not to provide anonymous trolls a forum to to vent their inane outrage. Even without comments, though, weâll remain engaged with our readers in myriad ways: Our site has always been about the content of our writingsâ"not the responses to them. Our essays are meant to elicit personal introspection, so the best way to benefit from our weekly lessons is via email, which allows you to stay engaged every time we write something new (and no spamâ"ever). As always, weâll continue to engage with our readers via Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, where many of our most meaningful conversations already occur. You can always comment via any of those platforms: we closely listen and interact with everyone. If you run a blog and want to comment on a specific essay, feel free to link to that essay: we read the sites that link to ours, and we share the most meaningful content on social media. And well continue to find new ways to engage our audience: tours, live events, speaking gigs, and other forums for meaningful, face-to-face conversations. If you find value in The Minimalists, consider donating a dollar. hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-44566208378082176222020-05-22T06:05:00.001-07:002020-05-22T06:05:05.237-07:00Childhood Caries - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 820 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/03/13 Category Sociology Essay Level High school Tags: Childhood Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Early childhood caries is not only a problem in underdeveloped countries, but in many well-developed countries as well. It is a world-wide problem. There are many influences that could increase the likelihood of early childhood caries. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Childhood Caries" essay for you Create order Childhood caries could be influenced by diet, genetics, exposure, and oral hygiene. Caries have no limitations and will affect any child no matter age, gender, or race. This is a significant health issue because children do not understand the importance of oral hygiene and need to be taught by their parents or guardian. However, parents often feel because they are baby teeth and will be lost anyway they are not as important to take care of. Early Childhood Caries Early childhood caries (ECC) is defined as having one or more primary teeth with decay, fillings/restorations, or missing due to decay in a child that is 3 years of age or younger. ECC remains the number one chronic disease affecting young children in the United States (cite). Although children who are part of a lower socioeconomical status or racial minority tend to have more severe dental decay it still affects all races and all socioeconomic classes. An article written by Brooke Jackson, DNP, APRN, CPNP (2015) states, despite ECC being largely preventable, it continues to be five times more common than asthma and seven times more common than hay fever in the pediatric population in the United States (p. 543). This is a huge indicator that something needs to be done in order to reduce the likelihood of ECC. Some children may have predispositions to developing caries, but they are largely preventable. It is recommended a child should have their first dental visit by age one or when their first tooth comes in. Many parents are unaware of when to take their child to see the dentist, but they may regularly take their child in to see their primary health care provider. There is currently a disconnect between oral health care providers and primary health care providers. Primary care providers should communicate with the parent regarding dental concerns and recommend a time for them to take their child for a dental visit. I can see this as a solution if this could become more routine amongst care providers and overtime could possibly lead to a decline in child caries. Some parents may not see the importance of regular dental visits for children because they are going to lose those teeth eventually. However, according to Kawashita, Kitamura, and Saito (2011) children experiencing caries as infants or toddlers have a much greater probability of subsequent caries in both the primary and the permanent dentitions (p. 1). It is problematic for children who develop caries in their permanent dentition at a young age because those teeth are supposed to last them a lifetime. Many parents understand proper nutrition is important for their child to grow and develop appropriately, but they may not understand how nutrition can affect their childs teeth. Children should be brushing twice a day to remove the biofilm on their teeth especially if their diet consists of softer foods that stick to their teeth. Kawashita et. al (2011) explains the process of how decay begins, the presence of a fermentable carbohydrate (e.g., sucrose, glucose, fructose, cooked starch) and bio?à ¬lms on the teeth support the metabolism of acidogenic microorganisms, resulting in acidic substances, the hydrogen ions of which dissolve the carbonated hydroxyapatite crystal lattice of enamel, cementum, and dentin (p. 2). Overtime this repeated exposure and demineralization of the tooth will lead to caries. Parents Children who experience dental caries may also experience some nutritional deficiencies. If a child has untreated decay they could be experiencing significant pain, and this could lead to them avoiding some meals. According to Khanh et al., children with ECC may experience acute and chronic mouth pain that can adversely affect their quality of life, eating practices, nutritional status, growth, and educational and economic potential (p. 2510). If a child has decayed or missing teeth they may also experience some psychologic distress because of embarrassment or lack of confidence. Conclusion Early childhood caries is a chronic disease amongst all types of children no matter their race, age or socioeconomic status. Although this problem has been addressed further efforts still need to be made. Primary care providers and dental care providers need to work together to provide the best possible care for their patients. Parents need to be educated on the importance of proper nutrition, proper oral hygiene, and the possible negative affects that can be associated with poor oral care. Parents should also be informed of the psychological problems that could be associated with ECC and correlations to poor nutrition. As a dental health care provider, I have seen children with severe decay and parents not understanding the importance of taking care of primary teeth. Parents need to be educated earlier during pregnancy by their doctors to take preventative dental measures to benefit their child. hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-23546007181630165632020-05-07T12:50:00.001-07:002020-05-07T12:50:02.852-07:00Animal Control Chad And Chad Essay - 1213 Words Name: Matthew Langerman Introduction I. Attention Device-This is Chad before he was thrown away by his family. He was tossed away because there were bigger more aggressive dogs than him so he was useless to his owner. In one of his fights, Chad was bitten in the ear. After being tossed out by his owner his ear got badly infected. Chad was lucky. The neighbor knew what was going on in Chadââ¬â¢s ownerââ¬â¢s house and called animal control. When animal control arrived, they took Chad along with the other dogs to the shelter. After spending some time in the shelter, Chad was adopted by his new loving parents. His new parents took him to the vet and got his infected ear taken care of. According to his new parents he has ââ¬Å"a phobia of men and a big fear of strangers.â⬠Chad has slowly improved and Chad taught his new parents a lot while giving his love back to them. This is Chad now II. Central Idea- Not only does owning pets like dogs and cats have benefits, but adopting pets from a shelter like Chad and not buying them from breeders has many other benefits. III. Specific Purpose- I know you might not of the time orShow MoreRelatedAzalea and Friends Essay1377 Words à |à 6 PagesAzaleaâ⬠Max cried. ââ¬Å"Hey, Azaleaâ⬠replied. ââ¬Å"I want to show you something I found. Letââ¬â¢s wait for the others.â⬠Before Azalea and Max knew it, everyone was there. First to arrive was Taylor, followed by Madeline, lastly with a tie, the twins Brad and Chad. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m so happy everyone could make it,â⬠Azalea squealed. Now follow me to the playroom. Azaleaââ¬â¢s house was humongous. There were fancy sculptures and pictures everywhere. It took the kids forever to reach the playroom. Inside the playroom all ofRead MoreEssay Effects on Drought4070 Words à |à 17 Pagesmoisture and water below the minimums necessary for sustaining plant, animal, and human life. Drought is usually accompanied by hot, dry winds and may be followed by damaging floods. More socially relevant than technically correct is the definition used by Ari Toubo Eibrahim, the minister of agriculture in Niger, who has said that a drought is Not as much water as the people need. Examples Chad, the largest landlocked country of the African Sahel region, sufferedRead MoreWhat is Dracunculiasis?661 Words à |à 3 Pagesinfection such as ââ¬Å"tetanus, which may be life threatening which causes a concern in endemic areas where there is typically no access to health care and where the disease exist which are mainly in poor countries.â⬠According to the center for diseases control and prevention website says that, ââ¬Å"at least in the Northern region of Ghana, the Guinea worm team found that antibiotic ointment on the wound site caused the wound to heal too well and too quickly making it more difficult to extract the worm and moreRead MoreThe Space Of Deep Sea Exploration1415 Words à |à 6 Pageswhy explore out when we havenââ¬â¢t explored our own ocean? Our oceans could contain many secrets to the world that are still unknown. According to Ryan Carlyle, a subsea hydraulics engineer Works in the oil industry as an engineer for Deepwater well control equipment; he directs the installation and operation of seafloor equipm ent designed to make sure subsea oil wells can be safely drilled and completed. Is a leader in the field of deep sea exploration is convinced that ââ¬Å"the ocean is excruciatinglyRead MoreThe Vibrant Tradition and History of Niger Compare to the Current Bleak Economic Situation1199 Words à |à 5 PagesMountains run through the western part of the country and its here where you can find Mount Idoukal-n-Taghes, the largest point in Niger towering at 2022 meters. Niger is in Western Africa. It borders with Algeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Mali, and Nigeria {in which it shares the largest borders with}. Niger has had a lush, and colorful history and it all starts 6000 years ago. At this point humans have first settled here. Until the 11th century there were just indigenous tribesRead MoreAfric The Oldest Inhabited Territory On Earth1533 Words à |à 7 Pagesmountains are included, in addition to the names of countries or inhabited areas; there are also names of some of the tribes who lived in Africa at the time. An example is the Troglodite people who were known to live in caves, dens or holes. The only animal name I could decipher was ââ¬Å"elephasâ⬠which translated means elephants. This map, however, does not have a key, a compass, or a cartouche displayed anywhere. Surprisingly, the map does include some of the surrounding countries in the immediate areaRead MoreSpeech : A Comparison Between Human And Primates1660 Words à |à 7 Pagescompared to other animals? Well, both humans and animals can communicate in motions, however humans can communicate in forms of signals a nd symbols, which could be gestures, sounds, or written words. Main differences between human and primates in regards to speech is that humans have an open vocal system while primates have a closed vocal system. Homo sapiens is probably the only animal that uses language to communicate with one another which distinguishes us from other animals. Through age fourRead MoreShould Overpopulation Be The World s Main Environmental Concern Essay1756 Words à |à 8 Pageshas the potential to inflict irreversible damage on the environment and on its life sustaining systems and resources. Already, critical stress suffered by our environment is clearly manifest in the air, water, and soil, our climate, and plant and animal species. Should this deterioration be allowed to continue, we can expect to alter the living world to the extent that it will be unable to sustain life as we know it. Though there isnââ¬â¢t only one main cause to the environmentââ¬â¢s destruction, many scientistsRead M oreA Report On Boko Haram4313 Words à |à 18 Pagesnot only fertile but is also home to a number of natural resources, mainly oil. As a result, the southern part, which is Christian, is very rich. In addition, the southern part is home to the government of Nigeria and as a result, the Christians control the government. Boko Haram is against this disparity and aims at first making the whole of Nigeria an Islamic state and imposing the Sharia Law. They have no tolerance for Christians, whom they refer to as kafir, meaning non-believer. Among theirRead MoreCulture Is The Backbone Of The Society1369 Words à |à 6 PagesCultural Awareness What is Culture It has often been said that culture is the backbone of the society without which there is almost no society. It is culture that differentiates human beings from animals; one society from another. The human appreciation for culture is evident in the way it is transferred from generation to generation. Culture consists of the behaviors and ways of a social life. As people are born in a cultural environment, they begin to seek their own way of acting and behaviors hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-46823954766560581052020-05-06T09:26:00.001-07:002020-05-06T09:26:43.883-07:00Free Time Free Essays There are lots of pleasure grounds all over the world. I think everywhere there are pubs, discoes, clubs, etc. We go out with my friends especially to pubs where we can chat, listen to music, dance and eat something. We will write a custom essay sample on Free Time or any similar topic only for you Order Now But the garden parties are more friendlier and cheaper. We usually organize barbecues with children, this time they can play and run in the garden. I usually go to a wellness-weekend with my husband once a year in winter because we work a lot all of the year. There are some well-known spas in Hungary, for example, Hà ©và z and Hajdà ºszoboszlà ³, and many people, including foreigners, go there. A hobby is an activity that you like doing and do quite often. Hobbies are a form of recreation. If you have a hobby, itââ¬â¢s easier to regain energy after a hard dayââ¬â¢s work. Depending on the type of the hobby, you can also make friends. Unfortunately many Hungarians spend their free time at home watching TV. But there are some who do some physical activities regularly, like swimming, aerobics or hiking. Nowadays many young people spend much of their time playing computer games either at home or in internet cafes. I think men and women usually have different kinds of hobbies, for example, very few women go fishing and they are not so interested in extreme sports, either. On the other hand, men generally arenââ¬â¢t interested in needlework or pottery. In my opinion both men and women do gardening but they tend to do different jobs in the garden. Women like dealing with flowers, they weed the flowerbeds, plant new varieties and they design the whole garden. Men usually prune the trees, trim the hedges and mow the lawn. Collecting stamps, coins, autographs, phone cards, beer mats or napkins, model building, doing needlework or woodwork, pottery, basketry, playing an instrument and dancing are indoor hobbies, while hiking, mountaineering, caving, sailing, fishing, canoeing and bird-watching are outdoor hobbies. My sisterââ¬â¢s hobbies are collecting phone cards and diary writing. I like reading about feng-shui and I like to be an Avon consultant. I used to play handball for years, nowadays I only watch handball games on TV. As far as I know, the English like playing golf and cricket, and there are quite a few soccer fans among them. They often mow the lawn and wash their cars at weekends, while some British people go to horse races to bet or just to watch the race. Some Americans go to baseball and basketball games regularly to support their teams. But there are others who prefer staying at home and watching these games on TV while eating snacks. I think Hungarian people collect the same things that people like collecting all over the world, mostly stamps and coins. If we considered a sport that many people pursue popular, the most popular sport in Hungary are football, handball, hiking and aerobics. If a popular sport means a sport that many people watch, besides football and handball, the most popular sports are Formula 1 racing, water polo and boxing. How to cite Free Time, Papers hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-28685111816142937502020-04-27T14:07:00.001-07:002020-04-27T14:07:03.079-07:00Interviewing a Manager Jamie Ysrael About Organization Goals Organizational chartAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Interviewing a Manager Jamie Ysrael About Organization Goals specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Organizational Chart: Asus Corporation/ Source: Jamie Ysrael Person Interviewed: Jamie Ysrael, Marketing Lead Jami Ysraelââ¬â¢s Score My Score Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference Table Category 1: I have clear, specific goals in several areas Category 2: I have a definite outcome in life that I want to achieve Category 3: I prefer general to specific goals Category 4: I work better without specific deadlines Category 5: I set aside enough time each day or week to plan my work Category 6: I am clear about the measures that indicate when I have achieved a goal Category 7: I work better when I set more challenging goals for myselfAdvertising We wi ll write a custom essay sample on Interviewing a Manager Jamie Ysrael About Organization Goals specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Category 8: I help other people clarify and define their goals Introduction Whether it involves managing an office, a work team, a small store or a large retail outlet, the processes all remain the same, wherein a manager must be able to balance the needs of the business, take into account current business trends, the culture of the organization he works for as well as set specific goals for himself/herself in order to create positive end goal outcomes. In order to investigate the impact of goal setting in management styles, the researcher for this paper contacted Jamie Ysrael, a Marketing Lead for Asus Corp, in order to ascertain the importance of goal setting in: managing the people under her implementing practices to increase performance meeting performance metrics and ensure a stable work environment. H ow important is it to set specific/ general goals within your Organization? Ms. Ysrael: ââ¬Å"What you have to understand is that there are two ways in which you can get an employee to do a certain task: you can either have them do it via your position as their boss or you can have them willingly do it through a shared specific/general goal. It is usually the case that when asked to do something under the perspective of shared/specific goal in mind I have come to realize that employees become more willing and adept at completing an assigned task as compared to merely ordering to them to do it in my position as their bossâ⬠As Ms. Ysrael explains, at times managers need employees to do certain tasks which are outside of their normal tasks at the company. In such instances, the likelihood of them refusing to do so is quite high; however, should a manager have a certain degree of influence over that employee in terms of having a good relationship as well as indicating that the ta sk being given is part of a shared goal by the company the end result is a greater likelihood of that employee being more than willing to help out.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The reasoning behind this particular type of behavior can be seen in the work of Gardner, Staats Gino (2012) which examined methods of improving organization performance within companies (Gardner, Staats Gino, 2012). As Gardner, Staats Gino (2012) explains, establishing shared goals within a company, whether specific or general in nature, creates a work mentality where employees feel that they are actually doing something of notable worth for the company. This feeling of worth often translates into better organizational performance in the long run since people no longer feel that they are merely numbers on a companyââ¬â¢s system of metric examination. How important is proper organizational planning in your role as manager? When asked this particular question Ms. Ysrael, via a metaphor, said the following statement ââ¬Å"if a building does not have girders, platforms, steel beams and a foundation, how is it suppose to stand?â⬠Based on this reasoning, as well as asking he r to elaborate further, it was determined that proper organizational planning is the cornerstone of any managerial practice since it is often necessary to be able to do things: One step at a time. Arrange tasks to be done in a certain order. Method. And by a particular person Lastly, it creates a structure from which managers can determine how to improve performance levels. What is the most important factor in proper management planning? In this question, Ms. Ysrael indicated that data and metrics are the most important factors since through them you can analyze the performance of the business. All business decisions need to be based on factual data obtained through credible sources. This means that before actions related to expansion to new markets, the removal of a particular product line or the creation of a new product, a manager must base such decisions on data obtained from customer data, market analysis (SWOT, Porter 5 forces etc) and finally financial data in order to make accurate decisions. When asked if setting specific goals or deadlines are important for her current line of work Ms. Ysrael stated the following: ââ¬Å"while I do know that having a specific set of goals and deadlines in mind is important for other managers I happen to work in marketing and as such there are times when specific goals and deadlines simply do not work in my opinion. In my opinion, focusing on the general goals of a marketing campaign and utilizing data and metrics in order to determine its overall effectiveness is the best way a manger can perform. Not only that, a marketing campaign sometimes does not have a specific end date and can continue for quite some timeâ⬠. Do you believe in helping other people clarify and define their goals? The topic of helping others for Ms. Ysrael was rather contentious in that she indicated that a proper manager should help her employees set particular goals for themselves, rather, what is necessary is that a manager should guide them into fulfilling their roles and make them more independent. Such actions, she states, enables a manager to do their job properly without constantly having to look at whether her employees are doing the right thing. In your opinion, what is the most important trait needed by a manager when making decisions? When asked this particular question, Ms. Ysrael, elaborated on the concept of showing measures that indicate when I have achieved a goal. For her, it is important to show a certain degree of achievement when accomplishing a particular task or marketing campaign. This means that when a task is completed it must be logical (meaning that it makes sense), results in positive effects for the company (creates profit, reduces costs, etc.) and finally conforms to ethical practices (meaning that it is not illegal in the least). Note Questions pertaining to specific life outcomes, creating goals for herself or setting aside enough time each day to plan her work was asked by the resear cher, however, Ms. Ysrael indicated that such questions were in her opinion nonsensical since she prefers to handle things as they come rather than meticulously plan everything single thing. Discussing the Managerââ¬â¢s Goal Setting and Organizational Skills When examining the results of the interview I have come to the realization that while Ms. Ysraelââ¬â¢s goal setting and organizational skills are good for the company they seem to be insufficient in terms of actually helping out lower level employees. The concept of setting and defining specific goals as a means of ensuring continued job satisfaction involves creating a mindset wherein employees see their current task as a means to an end within the organization wherein it could potentially lead to newer and better things while at the same time continues to keep them interested in their job (Boumgarden, Nickerson Zenger, 2012). When it comes to setting and defining specific goal, it is interesting to note that various res earchers indicate that by continuing to develop employees in order for them to accomplish multiple tasks, create defined goals for themselves and clarify their role in the company this actually results in a greater degree of job satisfaction since it takes away factors related to repetitious actions that actually cause job dissatisfaction (Soda Zaheer, 2012). It is based on this that I believe Ms. Ysrael is not doing her job properly in terms of creating an effective work environment which helps to create a mindset involving employees thinking that the job they are doing is part of a general goal of the company while at the same time entailing a specific goal for themselves. Evidence justifying this particular point of view can be seen in the sheer amount of public relations assistants, creative artists and marketing assistants that keep on leaving Asus who were under Ms. Ysrael. This is opposed to the relatively low churn rate seen in other departments within the company. Referenc e List Boumgarden, P., Nickerson, J., Zenger, T. R. (2012). Sailing into the wind: Exploring the relationships among ambidexterity, vacillation, and organizational performance. Strategic Management Journal, 33(6), 587-610. Gardner, H. K., Staats, B. R., Gino, F. (2012). Dynamically integrating knowledge in teams: transforming resources into performance. Academy Of Managementà Journal, 55(4), 998-1022. Soda, G., Zaheer, A. (2012). A network perspective on organizational architecture: performance effects of the interplay of formal and informal organization. Strategicà Management Journal, 33(6), 751-771. This essay on Interviewing a Manager Jamie Ysrael About Organization Goals was written and submitted by user Bianca O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-40056619015947783042020-03-19T12:27:00.001-07:002020-03-19T12:27:03.845-07:00Earn More Money by Artful NegotiationEarn More Money Want more money? Dont hesitate; negotiate! Whether you are looking for higher salary at work, greater price on a house or better paying freelance assignments, the principles of negotiation remain the same. 1. Assess yourself. How long have you been in business? You can command a higher price if youre a veteran than if youre a novice. While some magazines welcome the fresh approach that new writers bring, many prefer to work with established writers for their experience and professionalism. 2. Assess the market. What is the magazines budget? Where do they get their funding from? How large is their subscriber base? What are their advertising rates? A privately-owned corporate publication will pay more than a department journal run 3. Keep your finger on the pulse. What are the current rates for your type of work? Ask around in writers groups, associations or online forums. What do the editors of your chosen target market seek? Check Duotrope for interviews indicating likes, dislikes and tips. Then tailor your work to align to them. The less revision your work requires, the more favourable your image, the stronger your bargaining position. 4. Have a holistic view. Where is the magazine based? New York publications pay more than Wyoming ones. Is it boom time or bust? Recession can drag overall rates down, so raise your expectations reasonably. 5. Check your budget. What have you put in to get your work out? Monitor writing-related expenditure advertising, writing material, home office with a broadband connection, library membership, subscription to a writers forum and factor in these deductions from your income to determine your asking rate. Keep in mind currency conversions, bank charges and other hidden transaction fees and ensure payment covers a percentage of it. 6. Consider the complexity. What type of article is it? What level of commitment is necessary? Researching, collecting supplementary material like photographs, arranging expert interviews, and including sidebars requires extra effort. Writing personal memoir doesnt. 7. Learn the legalese. Understand what rights are being requested. Moving heaven and earth for an extra $10 for one-time electronic rights is not worth the hassle. Asking 50 percent more for all rights is. 8. Be principled. Principles are any guiding rules we live 9. Compromise. Are you starving? Are you getting a chance to do something different that may offer new opportunities in future? Compromise on the money for non-monetary benefit-in-kind. 10. Be honest, persuasive and professional. The best type of negotiation is a win-win situation for both parties. You want the editor to feel they have gotten a good deal while ensuring you dont get the raw end of it either. Be courteous, honest, respectful and not defensive. Never be rude, threatening, sarcastic, argumentative or pushy. After you receive an offer, put your request as an open-ended question like, Is there any wiggle room in payment? Dont mention specific amounts, let the editor re-consider and come back with a revised figure. Be ready to walk away from the deal if expectations dont match. Once you have settled the deal, honor the terms. Reneging on contracts can be expensive in terms of money as well as reputation. Uphold your integrity. It may pay off when you least expect it. Negotiate and let your income appreciate. hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-56796523463160217432020-03-03T04:14:00.001-08:002020-03-03T04:14:03.347-08:0012 Best Art Schools in the World12 Best Art Schools in the World SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you have a passion for art, there are some great college options out there for you! Art schools can provide you with the tools you need to develop your skills and make a career out of what you love. In this article, I'll give you a list of the best art schools in the world, tell you what each of their programs is like, and give you some tips on how to choose the right one for you. What Makes a Great Art School? The best art schools are institutions that teach students to think creatively across disciplines and provide them with the instruction and resources that will enable them to fulfill their artistic potential. All the schools on this list are forward-thinking, well-respected colleges with constantly evolving curricula that always keep pace with changes in the art world. They have international name recognition and strong reputations as a result of the successes of their alumni. These universities offer a variety of majors in artistic disciplines that will lead to fulfilling careers. They also have cutting edge facilities that allow students to make their visions a reality, whether that involves welding a giant metal sculpture or creating life-like 3D animations. Programs in the digital arts are prominent features of most of these colleges because knowledge of design programs and other art-making software is crucial in the current artistic landscape for students who hope to develop their practice into a career. The schools on this list provide excellent career counseling services to make the transition from student to professional as smooth as possible for their students. Many provide students with the opportunity to work at internships or in other professional development contexts while still in school so that they can build their experience and be prepared to take on the job world. At a great art school, youââ¬â¢ll be consistently inspired through interactions with some of the most interesting and creative people youââ¬â¢ll ever meet. If you love art, these schools will help you develop your passion and take it to places you never even thought possible! Make your dreams a (sur)reality. The Best Art Schools in the World Without further ado, here's a list of the top twelve art schools in the world ranked by reputation and quality! #1: Rhode Island School of Design- Providence, Rhode Island (US) Undergraduate enrollment: 1,976 Acceptance rate: 29% About the School: RISD is considered by many to be the best art and design school out there. With distinguished faculty members, extensive resources for students, and a strong career services department, RISD offers pretty much anything you could want in an art and design education. RISD also has an associated museum with thousands of works in its collection that span different time periods, cultures, and media. Rhode Island School of Design #2: School of the Art Institute of Chicago- Chicago, Illinois (US) Undergraduate enrollment: 2,889Acceptance rate: 61% About the School: School of the Art Institute of Chicago boasts a strong global reputation; its alumni include Georgia O'Keeffe, David Sedaris, and Edward Gorey (who is one of my favorite artists!). SAIC has an interdisciplinary curriculum, meaning that students are encouraged to experiment widely across artistic disciplines before deciding on the best medium for their ideas. The education at SAIC is highly customizable, encouraging students to be creative in combining different types of art. Off-campus study is also required at SAIC. Students can fulfill this requirement through an internship program, study trip, or study abroad experience. This provides a bridge to the art world outside of college and helps students prepare for careers in the arts. School of the Art Institute of Chicago #3: California Institute of the Arts- Valencia, California (US) Undergraduate enrollment: 984Acceptance rate: 24% About the School: CalArts is an internationally recognized art school that encourages students to go beyond the boundaries of traditional media. It has a strong focus on individualized attention for each student. Students are also given a high level of creative freedom and independence in their studies- artistic promise is the number one criteria for admission. CalArts also participates in the Community Arts Partnership, which gives students the opportunity to teach art to youth in Los Angeles while gaining experience and earning an income. The Institute provides resources such as internships and mentoring programs for students to help them translate their artistic skills into a career after college. California Institute of the Arts #4: Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design- London, England Undergraduate enrollment: 3,013Acceptance rate: Not reported About the School: Central Saint Martins is a constituent college of the University of the Arts in London. It is considered one of the worldââ¬â¢s leading institutions in art and design education. The college offers nine different areas of study to students, including Graphic Communication Design, Fine Art, and Jewelry and Textiles. Students are encouraged to develop their ideas beyond the accepted boundaries of each artistic discipline and to always be open to new approaches and ideas. Facilities include digital fabrication studios, letterpress studios, a digital media lab, an animation lab, and more. CSM College of Art and Design #5: Parsons School of Design at The New School- New York City, New York (US) Undergraduate enrollment: 6,695Acceptance rate: 51% About the School: The New School emphasizes a design thinking approach to solving problems on a global scale. Parsons is dedicated to remaining on the cutting edge of arts education; it strives to continually embrace new trends and interdisciplinary approaches to the arts. It also has a community service and social justice focus, encouraging design projects that have tangible outcomes in the world. Parsons provides one-on-one career counseling to students as well as connections to jobs and internships through the Center for Student Success. Parsons #6: Berlin University of the Arts- Berlin, Germany Enrollment: 3,618Acceptance rate: 20% About the School: The Berlin University of the Arts is the largest art school in Europe. Its faculty includes some of the most well-respected contemporary artists in the world, including Chinese artist and social activist Ai Weiwei (watch the documentary Ai Weiwei: Never Sorry about his work- itââ¬â¢s super interesting). There are four colleges within the University system that specialize in Fine Arts, Music, Design, and Performing Arts. Berlin University of the Arts has more than 170 international partnerships with other universities. The university hosts over 500 events every year and is a key cultural venue in the city. Students present their work to the public in exhibitions, concerts, dramatic productions, evenings of song, readings, and lectures. Berlin University of the Arts #7: Pratt Institute- New York City, New York (US) Undergraduate enrollment: 3,439Acceptance rate: 50% About the School: Pratt is at the center of the New York art scene, and is consistently ranked among the top art and design colleges in the world. A highly distinguished faculty made up of leaders in artistic fields means that students will make meaningful connections to the art world during their time at Pratt. Career Counseling services are excellent and have a high job placement rate after graduation. Pratt also sits on a beautiful enclosed campus that gives students a sanctuary apart from the hectic city life. Pratt Institute #8: ArtCenter College of Design- Pasadena, California (US) Undergraduate enrollment: 2,005Acceptance rate: Not reported About the School: ArtCenter College of Design has a distinguished reputation. Alumni include the advertising genius behind the "Got Milk?" campaign and the concept illustrator who gave R2-D2 life! The college is always willing to change with the times, and has added six undergraduate departments since 1970, the most recent being Interaction Design in 2012. ArtCenter College of Design was the first design school to install computer labs on its campus in the 1980s. Its ââ¬Å"Designmattersâ⬠educational program gives students the opportunity to work on design projects that have a positive social impact. ArtCenter is known for its international focus and interdisciplinary curriculum that encourages transcendence of individual artistic mediums. ArtCenter College of Design #9: Glasgow School of Art- Glasgow, Scotland Undergraduate enrollment: 2,195Acceptance rate: Not reported About the School: Glasgow School of Art is Scotlandââ¬â¢s only public self-governing art school. It is divided into two campuses: the School of Fine Arts and the School of Design. GSA is at the head of research in creative disciplines, with research centers including the Digital Design Studio, the Institute of Design Innovation, the Mackintosh Environmental Architectural Research Institute, and the Glasgow Urban Lab. Glasgow School of Art also has an extensive student and staff exchange program with about 75 of the worldââ¬â¢s leading Art, Design and Architecture schools. Numerous alumni have won the Turner Prize, the most prestigious award in the British art scene given to one artist under 50 every year. Glasgow School of Art #10: China Central Academy of Fine Arts- Beijing, China Undergraduate enrollment: 4,700Acceptance rate: Less than 10% About the School: The China Central Academy of Fine Arts is one of the most selective schools in China and is considered Chinaââ¬â¢s most prestigious art academy. It is made up of six specialty schools: the School of Fine Art, the School of Chinese Painting, the School of Design, the School of Architecture, the School of Humanities, and the School of Urban Design. The School of Design has been heavily involved with national Chinese design projects, including designs for the 2008 Beijing Olympics. The Academy is also home to a huge museum that includes over 2,000 Chinese scroll paintings that date back to the Ming Dynasty. #: National School of Fine Arts- Paris, France Undergraduate enrollment: Not reportedAcceptance rate: Not reported About the School: The National School of Fine Arts holds 450,000 items in its collections in the form of books and artworks; this is one of the largest public collections in France. Faculty and alumni include many internationally recognized artists. The five-year curriculum is made up of two consecutive "cycles," the first lasting three years and the second two years, in which students learn the fundamental practical and theoretical components of artistic creation. National School of Fine Arts- Paris #12: Tokyo University of the Arts- Tokyo, Japan Undergraduate enrollment: 3,302Acceptance rate: 30% About the School: As the only national arts university in Japan, Tokyo University of the Arts seeks to develop Japanese art and culture and emphasize a spirit of artistic freedom and creativity. Through collaboration with other universities and institutions, TUA works to create new forms of artistic expression and demonstrate the power of art to influence global trends. TUA also runs an exchange program with the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. Tokyo University of the Arts Which Art School is the Right Choice for You? It's difficult to decide on the right art school when there are so many great options out there. The first thing you should think about is location. Would you consider going to another state or country for college? Or would you prefer to stay closer to home? From there, you can decide which schools in the area of your choice appeal to you most. Are you looking for a city, suburban, or rural atmosphere? One factor that sets many of these colleges apart is the level of specialization throughout the curriculum. For example, ArtCenter College of Design requires students to choose an artistic discipline right away rather than including a year of foundational courses. This might be fine for you if you're convinced that you want to make a certain type of art, but it might not be the best fit if you're still not sure of your concentration. Rhode Island School of Design, on the other hand, requires a baseline course of study for all freshman before they're split up into their separate artistic disciplines sophomore year. It's also very important to consider whether each school offers the types of opportunities and facilities you want. If you're more design-oriented than fine art-oriented, you might consider a college like Parson's or ArtCenter College of Design. These schools have programs that focus on the practical application of design-thinking to solve problems in the real world. If you're hoping to spend some time studying abroad in college, you might think about School of the Art Institute of Chicago, which requires students to complete an off-campus study program. Fully explore what each school has to offer before making a decision based on first impressions. What do you want to get out of your arts education? Consider the potential connections you'll form with faculty and the surrounding artistic community. This type of networking can be a huge help down the road. Schools in New York City like Pratt and Parsons have an advantage in this regard since they're located in one of the central hubs of the art world. All of the schools on this list have great things to offer, but if you choose one that strongly appeals to your interests and provides the specific types of programs you're looking for, you'll be in for an amazing college experience. What's Next? If you want to apply to one of the best art schools in the world, you'll need to put together a portfolio. Learn more about how to create an art portfolio that showcases your strengths. Are you still researching colleges (or haven't started yet)? If so, take a look at this guide to the college research process for some helpful tips. If you're worried about paying for college, there are tons of scholarships out there for you. Read this article on the best scholarships you can win as a high school senior. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-2509517060965867452020-02-15T19:39:00.001-08:002020-02-15T19:39:03.045-08:00Finance- Israel Stock Exchange Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsFinance- Israel Stock Exchange - Essay Example Globes, Israel Business Arena is one of the leading business publications in Israel. This article reports on a the Deloitte 2010 Global Venture Capital Survey, carried out in conjunction with venture capital associations around the world. The headline captures the negative results of the survey and the bad news for the Israeli stock market. The survey found that the majority of venture capital firms were looking first and foremost to increase their foreign investment in China (27%) and then India (14%). The article does not contain the precise numbers for Israel but notes that interest has fallen since 2009. Commenting on the results, Igal Brightman CPA, chairman and CEO of Deloitte Brightman Almagor Zohar & Co.and managing partner of the TMT group in Deloitte, said, "The migration of venture capital eastward indicates that the global high-tech industry is seeking new growth opportunities. The main indicators in the Israeli economy, among them accession to the OECD, the fall in the shekel-dollar exchange rate and the rise in salary levels, make Israel less attractive in comparison with the alternatives." This is very bad news for the Israeli economy as foreign venture capital investment, particularly in the hi-tech sector has been a key engine of growth in the Israeli economy and stock market in the past. Daniel, Robert, (November 8, 2010) ââ¬Å"Market Watch: Israel stocks fall; gas firms hit by tax reportsâ⬠. The Wall Street Journal Digital Network. Web. http://www.marketwatch.com/story/israel-stocks-fall-tax-reports-hit-gas-firms-2010-11-08. This article reports on a slight decline in the Israeli stock market on Monday, November 8, 2010. However, more substantively it identifies factors underlying the drop in, and poor prospects for the future in the natural gas sector and the telecom sector. The article reports that the Israeli government is considering a new financial arrangements with natural gas producers. ââ¬Å"A government committee is planning to hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-67319719685869137862020-02-02T12:10:00.001-08:002020-02-02T12:10:02.975-08:00The Production Function for Buses - Edgeworth Box AssignmentThe Production Function for Buses - Edgeworth Box - Assignment Example Our function will reproduce increasing returns to scale. This means that with an accumulation of production factors volume of produced goods will grow. To find a number of buses with every combination of production factors, it is necessary to substitute each number of employees and the number of machines for K and L indicators. Hence, if a number of machines are 14 and number of employees who make buses is 5, the calculation of production output will be the following: In accordance with above example, we can calculate all the rest level of production. (K=10, L=3): (K=8, L=1): etc. From the table, we can also see that in accordance with the accumulation of employees, the number of produced buses grows. Part (B) Make an ââ¬ËEdgeworth boxââ¬â¢ diagram for the production of buses in Utropica: put the number of employees making buses on the horizontal axis (0 to 6), and a number of machines used to make buses on the vertical axis (0 to 16). Draw an isoquant line for 5 buses. On the same diagram, add an isoquant for 7 buses, and an isoquant for 10 buses. To draw an ââ¬ËEdgeworth boxââ¬â¢ diagram for the production of a specific number of buses, it is required to find all combinations of factors that are able to create the stated level of production. Hence, using a table above, it can be seen that 5 buses can be produced by 10 machines and 1 employee or 8 machines and 2 employees. So there are several alternatives for this output. Consequently, finding all possible combinations, we receive points that will form the isoquant line on the diagram. Using the same method, we find combinations of the factors for producing 7 buses. hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-70310858575413050402020-01-25T08:34:00.001-08:002020-01-25T08:34:02.684-08:00Executive Summary of Students Quietly Undertaking to Encourage Apt LearExecutive Summary of Students Quietly Undertaking to Encourage Apt Learning SQUEAL LIBR/ARST 570: Management of Libraries and Archives Executive Summary This Project Management Plan is the result of the time and energy spent by the members of SQUEAL (Students Quietly Undertaking to Encourage Apt Learning), who have embarked upon the task of learning about management in an information environment. The path we have chosen is outlined in this document. SQUEAL is devoted to learning how to ââ¬Å"work effectively within a larger organization and to assume managerial responsibilities,â⬠and each of SQUEALââ¬â¢s members works to achieve this goal through internal, external and personal factors. The Project Management Plan is a guide which SQUEAL has created for itself in order to accomplish our common goals in a timely and thorough manner. The Plan includes an Introduction, Goals and Objectives, a list of Deliverables, the Resources which Squeal has at its disposal, Constraints, Strategy and Actions, our Budget, Controls, a description of our Documentation process, the Review and Appendices. - 1 - SQUEAL LIBR/ARST 570: Management of Libraries and Archives Table of Contents Executive Summaryâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.1 Table of Contentsâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.2 Introductionâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..3 Team Characteristicsâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦4 Ground Rulesâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦...5 Goals and Objectivesâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦...6 Deliverablesâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦...10 Resourcesâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦...12 Constraintsâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.14 Strategy and Actionsâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..17 Budgetâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦20 Controlsâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..21 Documentationâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦...22 Reviewâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦...23 Appendix A- Gantt Chartâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦A Appendix B- Budget Time Sheetâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦B Appendix C- Time Sheetâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.C - 2 - SQUEAL LIBR/ARST 570: Management of Libraries and Archives Introduction Students Quietly Undertaking to Encourage Apt Learning (SQUEAL) is a dynamic team comprised of members Brooke Ballantyne, Andrea Freeman, Reece Steinberg and group leader, Carolyn (Cen) Campbell. SQUEAL was formed in January, 2005 in response to a Project Management assignment from Dr. Ken Haycock, ... ... Ending/Evaluation March 8th - April 6th $3,217 * The predicted budget was found by taking total estimated personnel hours multiplied by 20 and then adding all of the additional estimated costs from the Teamââ¬â¢s Budget divided by 4. - 26 - SQUEAL LIBR/ARST 570: Management of Libraries and Archives APPENDIX C- TIME SHEET - 27 - SQUEAL LIBR/ARST 570: Management of Libraries and Archives Date Time Expended Details of Activity Total Hours in Phase 1 (Initiation / Concept): (aim for group: 24 individual: 6) timeline: January 10th - January 24th Total Hours in Phase 2 (Planning / Development): (aim for group: 48 individual:12) timeline: January 25th - February 21st Total Hours in Phase 3 (Implementation / Execution): (aim for group: 48 individual:12) timeline: February 12th - March 7th Total Hours in Phase 4 (Ending / Evaluation): (aim for group: 24 individual: 6) timeline: March 8th - April 6th - 28 - SQUEAL LIBR/ARST 570: Management of Libraries and Archives On Monday, January 24 2005, we, the members of SQUEAL, submit this Project Management Plan to Dr. Ken Haycock. All team members have contributed to the plan and agree to follow it to the best of our abilities. hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-8625844125072653542020-01-17T04:58:00.001-08:002020-01-17T04:58:05.411-08:00Organization or institution EssayA policy can be defined as a guide to the actions or decisions of people in organization or institution. A policy states how members of an organization should act in specific situations which occur frequently and affect large numbers of people in a group. A policy has three components namely: it must have a process to achieve certain goals, it must have specific goals to realize and it must have a framework within which it functions. According to Dimock a scholar, policies are important in guiding the conduct of people who make decisions and take actions in organizations. However, the term policy is often confused with other related terms such as a rule, a plan, a decision and a procedure but in reality there is a marked difference between a policy and these other terms. According to the scholar known as James Anderson in his book titled ââ¬Å"public policy analysisâ⬠, public policy is about why government do things they choose to do and the difference that it makes. Government does many things such as conflict resolution in society, organizing society to carry out conflicts with other societies. Governments also distribute a great variety of goods and services to the members of the society mainly in the form of taxes. Thus, public policies may regulate behavior, organize bureaucracies, distribute goods, collect revenue any other desirable activity. For this reason public policy is designed to alleviate personal discomfort or societal unease. This is due to the fact that people expect government to do many things for them and indeed there are no personal or societal problems for which some group will not demand a government solution. Public policy studies therefore deals with the description and explanations of causes and consequences of government activity. It therefore connotes a positive side of an action in the sense that it emphasizes an initiative by government to solve problems faced by people. The government has many sources of revenue which include: Taxes-The government can get its revenue from various sources of taxes in a country. Tax is a compulsory contribution by the government on its citizens to enable it to meet its expenses for a common cause. Tax enables the government to provide social and merit goods and services. These are the so called public goods and are consumed by all citizens irrespective of whether they pay tax or not e. g. provision of roads, bridges, social facilities etc. Also taxation is used as a controlling the flow of cash and capital in a country to ensure economic stability. It is used as a tool of economic policy e. g. imposition of high import duty in order to protect local industries granting of capital allowances and other tax incentives to encourage the inflow of direct foreign investment. Internal borrowing is another method whereby the public policy can get its funding. This is done through the sale of treasury bills and bonds. It might be restricted to a given percentage of gross domestic products. Although used, it has some effects like it pushes up the interest rates in the economy hence increasing the cost of capital and it may exercise inflationary pressure on the economy once the government repays the money. Aids and grants. This may be given by international monetary fund and World Bank and other bilateral donors. But it has constraints like strict terms and conditions which are imposed by donors which may be humiliating to the nation, it may not be sufficient to solve the budget deficit problems of the government. External borrowing usually from other countries or organizations such as IMF and World Bank. It has effects like humiliating terms and conditions and also the country will increase its already heavily burden of external debt. A BUDGET AS APUBLIC POLICY A budget is generally a list of all planned expenses and revenues. It is a plan for saving and spending. A budget is an important concept in microeconomics, which uses a budget line to illustrate the trade-offs between two or more goods. The budget should contain a narrative explaining how you decided on the amount of this reserve and a description of the expected financial results of business activities. The assets should be valued with each and every cost. All other expenses are like labor factory overhead all freshmen expenses are also included into business budgeting. A budget is considered as a proposal to be prepared by the administration and submitted to the legislature. Its aim could be to present in summary form the facts necessary to shape the policy of the government as well as provide financial support. The summaries of fact included in the budget could also serve as a key to the details of transactions and of estimates which could be submitted with the budget. The constitution inhibition that no money shall be drawn from the treasury but in consequence of appropriations made by the law makes the budget an instrument of legislative control over the administration. To implement policies, government requires money as well as institutional structure. The budgetary process provides a means of allocating the available resources among competing interests to which they could be applied. When they device a budget, decision makers function within a definite resource constraint and must base their decisions on the assumption that no more revenue will come in. Therefore they allot the available amount of money for the greatest social, economic and political benefit. Each year there must be a new budget and an annual circle has evolved for the appropriation and expenditure of available public moneys. The repetitive nature of the budget cycle is important, for those involved might behave differently if they did not know that they have to come back each year after year to get more money. For instance, the government of United States budget system provides the means for the president and congress to decide on how much money to use, what to use it on, and ways of raising the money they have decided to use. It is through the budget system, whereby they determine how the allocation of resources between the agencies of the federal government. In most cases there are consequences in the decisions made during budget process due to the fact that they affect the state as a whole, nation and local governments, and individuals in the country. Budget decisions in most cases have significance in most of the countries in the whole universe. After the congress and the president have enacted budget decisions into law, the budget system on the other hand ensures that these laws are carried out. The process of planning future business actions and expressing those plans in a formal manner is what is referred as budgeting. A budget is a formal statement of future plans since the economic or financial aspects of the government are primary matters of consideration. Every branch of the government is necessarily high complex and technical . A budget therefore supply the need for an effective means whereby those who are responsible for direction and control over technical process and who understands the technical needs of the service may formally present to the legislature and through the legislature to the people a well defined plan of work to be financed in order that the government may make a provisional for needs of the country. The ways in which budgets are made reflect the choices, policies and philosophies of governments. Public finance covers budgeting as well as taxes and revenue. The budget is made up of revenue and expenditure proposal which have great chances of impacting as a public policy tool. Taxation deals with policy issues including: regulating the activities of firms in certain sectors, affecting production in that it can be used to encourage or discourage production, stabilization of the economy through control of inflation and even the distribution of wealth e. g. exempting low income earners from paying tax. The budget allocations are made to government departments and ministries like agriculture, education, public health, trade, foreign affairs, defense, transport, etc and are formally made by relevant ministries. The exact character of engrossed revenues varies from case to case. Bureaucratic politics is naturally concerned not only with the direct allocation of budget items but also with a struggle to engross revenues and create monopolies or cartels. Well established government involvement in agriculture includes state corporations like on sugar. Government agencies may be assigned monopolistic rights for the exploitation of mineral resources, to produce and sell sugar or to sell seeds and fertilizers. Similarly, a public health may be established e. g. a dispensary to offer Medicare facilities at a subsidized rate and in return the government generates revenue. The result is that public enterprise actually pays its own way and even produces a profit which goes into the state budget. The national budget as a policy tool also focuses on education. Public education may be defined as schooling mandated for or offered to all children by the government whether national, regional or local provided by an institution of civil government and paid for in whole or in part by taxes. Public education is applied to basic education, primary and secondary schools. Moreover, post secondary education like middle-level colleges and advanced education e. g. universities-all these constitute public education since the government subsidizes or pays in full to sponsor students. Ideally, the budget is designed to meet most of the foreseen programs and projects. In spite of the significance of the budget in education, agriculture, revenue generation, spending etc, it is equally necessary to state that the government experiences various risks including; property loss, loss of income or increased costs, damage to real and personal property, liability etc. Different strategies are used to manage risks including: risk elimination, risk reduction, risk assumption, risk transfer and risk insurance. However, problems in budgetary process seem to be widespread. The list may not be exhaustive but these include: Uncontrollable expenditure; the most important uncontrollable expenditures are the large entitlement programs of social welfare spending such as social security, Medicare and unemployment benefits, back door spending; expenditure decisions that are not actually made through the formal appropriation process, reprogramming and transfers; i. e. the shifting of funds within a specific appropriation account. Reprogramming involves shifting obligation authority from one program element to another and supplemental appropriations; i. e. made outside the normal budget circle to cover shortfalls during the fiscal year. Supplemental appropriations occur during recession, the demand for unemployment assistance naturally increases and supplemental funding will be required. The budget is made up of revenue and expenditure proposal and hence such proposals have a greater chance on impacting on public policy. A budget as a policy tool acts as a source of motivation because budgets provides the standards against which actual performance is evaluated and the manner in which it is used can significantly affect the attitude of those who are to be evaluated. If the government is not careful a budgeting process may have negative impacts on the attitudes of the civil servants. A budget is considered as a proposal to be prepared by the administration and submitted to the legislature. A national budget thus prepared and presented would serve the purpose of a prospectus. The act of appropriation as the legal means of making funds available to the executive branch enables the executive or some officer directly responsible to the executive, to exercise administrative control over liabilities incurred and over expenditures made by the many officers and agents employed by the government in the conduct of its business. Every branch of the business of the government is necessarily highly complex and technical. An act of appropriation of public money should therefore be the result of the most careful consideration of both branches of the government. For the purpose of consideration on the relation of revenue and borrowing to welfare, a budget is necessary. The budget as a policy tool is used as a basis for evaluating performance among various government ministries. The control functions of the government require that departments /ministries draft an evaluation report on their performance. A budget greatly determines their performance as it allocates various amount of funds to each. Although past performance among various ministries is potentially superior for determining whether the actual results are acceptable or in need of collective actions. Budgeting promotes study, research and focus of the future: when the government plans with sufficient care and details to prepare a budget, the planning process involves thorough study and research. Not only should this results in the best conceivable plans but it should also instill in executive the habit of doing a reasonable amount of research before decisions are made. Allocation of taxpayerââ¬â¢s money by the budget is massive hence before deciding on what project the government should undertake some funds are set aside by the budget to carry out thorough research to come up with realistic and attainable goals. The budget can mostly be viewed from the economic consideration. The budget serves as a fiscal policy in terms of expenditure and revenue to stabilize the economy. Governments spend money on a wide variety of things from the military and services like education and healthcare as well as transfer payments such as welfare benefits. These expenditures can be funded through: taxation, borrowing money from the population, benefit from printing money, sale of fixed assets, consumption of fiscal reserves etc. Governments borrow money and may sometimes incur debts. Several circumstances may force governments into a debtor position including, the need to cover deficits resulting from annual expenditures, the need to finance a long-term project and a short-term cash management to provide disbursement of payments in a timely fashion. No document can rightly be called a budget that does not set up a complete plan of the proposed expenditures for a definite period and balance those expenditures with the estimated means of financing this show a complete picture of the governmentââ¬â¢s finances. The budget should be setup and summarized as to make this picture quite clear to the citizens and taxpayers. A budget should be adopted before the beginning of the fiscal period to which it relates so that necessary accounts can be setup. Effective control over the execution of the budget plan; the proper executive authority and supervision should be provided to put the plan into operation. Physical control should be established through accounts and otherwise ensure that the expenditure of the government are being made to the budget plan. Staff assistance must be considered depending upon the size of the government that can give attention exclusively to the collection of the budget information. There is need for government to have broad and accurate information which must be reliable and indicate clearly the scope of the work and the various activities of the government. For the purpose of considering the relations of revenue and borrowing to welfare, the budget should present for consideration of the legislature a definite financial program. The level of government borrowing is an important part of fiscal policy and management of aggregate demand in any economy. When the government is running a budget deficit, it means that in a given year, total government expenditure exceeds total tax revenue. As a result, the government has to borrow through the issue of debt such as Treasury Bills and long-term government Bonds. The issue of debt is done by the central bank and involves selling debt to the bond and bill markets. Each general fund spending agencyââ¬â¢s financial overview presents and outlines revenues and expenditures for the current budget. The scheme describes the spending agencyââ¬â¢s mission statement services provided, staffing summary, objectives, goals, current year budget highlights and performance measurement information. Each of the other funds classified as special revenue funds, enterprise funds, capital project funds, and internal service funds are detailed in the same format as the general fund. Describe restrictions that are (or could be) placed on those revenues. The government can give restrictions on its revenue in order to achieve its goals or objectives. For example the taxation of citizens must be compulsory so as to raise public revenue in order to meet public expenditure relating to maintenance of internal security and external defense of a country and also provision of basic social services at a subsidized cost e. g. education, water, recreational activities, health facilities etc. In most cases, accrual basis of accounting is used to in full so as to record expenses as paid not when they take place, diminishing the value of the governmentââ¬Ës capital assets. This is not accounted for as cash expenses, in the long-term, their value as an asset or liability is recognized. It can be recorded through measurement focus as a separate account, realized as revenue in one department, or revealed as an expense in another. For instance, the general funds and purchasing department would work in series in this kind of arrangement so as to manage the amount used up for procurement and adjust budgets for extra expenses, such as purchase of extended warranties and service plans. The restrictions placed from congress, grantors and private groups often ââ¬Ërestrictââ¬â¢ these funds for specialized uses. The government may restrict that revenue coming from taxation for example will be used to run free education for university students or be used to carry out research. The general fund holds money in reserve to pay for utility expenses, or earmarks it with the donorââ¬â¢s wishes for example where the donor wants a certain project to be established by the lending. Capital assets are recorded as expense when they occur, not as cash income which is not the case with businesses. The nature of organizations divides funds into categories of resource restriction not functional operations. Evaluate how public policy decisions affect the receipt of revenues. For example where the government imposes high rate of tax for its employees or businessmen may make employees to start practicing tax evasion. This is due to the high amounts they will be required to pay as tax and it will minimize their profits which is their objective as they where venturing into business. Decisions suggested in the previous enacted budgets, and how programs are actually performing influence decisions concerning the future budget of a country. The decision-makers in a country must consider the effects of economic and technical assumptions on the budget estimates so as to avoid over/underestimation. , the rate of inflation, interest rates, the unemployment rate, economic growth and the number of people eligible for various benefit programs, among other things, affect government spending and receipts. For example the government can start some programs in the country so as to help the unemployed to at least to be busy somewhere making something small to sustain them hence affecting the government receipts and spending as it was not budgeted for. Small changes in these assumptions can affect budget estimates by a large amount of money. Through the process of adopting a budget resolution, it concurs on levels for total spending and receipts, the size of the deficit or surplus, and the debt limit. Stages of implementation of the decisions can use feedback to make changes when high cost programs to collect taxes are reactive to public reaction, overruns in cost, long term worth of the policy, manpower and material, employee activity ,time, and the use of consultants, and third party vendors with substantial interest and involvement in policy objectives. Usually implementation is the actual application of a policy and it involves activities such as disbursement of funds, the general mobilization of resources in order to actualize programs and projects. The debt issues as other sources, discounts as other income, while the debt service expenditures express issuance costs. Analyze the economic conditions that affect revenue projections Inflation and the rising cost of employee benefits. For example hyperinflation which is the most serious type of inflation also known as runaway or galloping inflation . it has been experienced in Germany, Austria, Hungary, China and other countries of South America. When this type is experienced, the currency in circulation becomes unacceptable and in the end new currency is issued. Inflation may be due to increase in demand of goods and services may result in arise in price level. Also when cost of production increases the prices goes up it may rise due to the higher wage levels, higher cost of raw material or more taxes on the production of commodities. These may affect the revenue projections by the government in place as it may under forecast or overcast the revenue projections. In some cases citizens may not comply with the rules and regulations of a country in that they could like to practice tax evasion. This is a criminal offence involving evasion of tax through fraudulent means e. g. the manipulation of financial statements and failure to make full disclosure of taxable income, or engagement in illegal activities e. g. parching, drug trafficking etc where income is generated without paying tax. This affects the revenue projections by the government because at the long run it will end up underestimating the revenue to be expected. Capital expenditures for replacement of equipment and emergence expenditures like floods which require an immediate attention. This usually affects the revenue projections because it was not budgeted for or projected for. This will end up diverting some amount meant for another purpose to be used in that emergence in order to save the situation. Or in other cases where a machine used in the intensive care unit is not functioning, it will require an immediate attention so as to purchase a new one in order to save the lives of the patients. Diverting from designed performance measures is crucial because annual cash flow statements and budgetary budget flows are necessary to maintain the business focused on annual expenses and changes to the same. Realistic interpretations of the best use of income generated through taxes, fees, surcharges and capital funds ties it into most effective and accessible to public use of the money that will benefit all the most. Develop a revenue policy that aligns with community values. A public policy must take into consideration the prevailing customs, traditions and conventions of people. Thus, the policy must not go against established ways of life of the people unless it is extremely desirable to frame one that bans a social evil. Also it must take into account the availability of resources especially financial resources that are critical for its implementation. Such resources may be derived either from national budget or other sources such as donors or loans from commercial banks. Most employees would like to contribute without any difficulty to the revenue of the country if their community interests are going to be catered for. The residents would like to have available facilities like a hospital near home or work, and that of suburbs wishing to enhance tax base, and enjoy the benefits of their contributions. Strategic plans and major projects often have the same type of written statement of record. Citizens in general, advocate for a return on investment. Public administrators and urban planners share the idea that government should support reinvestment in communities in order for them to prosper. For example if the country comes up with a policy to have a certain community to contribute more to the kitty of revenue so as to build an hospital . The community will contribute positively because it will help them in many ways like travelling a short distance to get the services and also employment. This will save many lives were it that they were emergencies and people were to travel long distances to get the services. If there is a plan to initiate a project like an industry in a certain community, the residents will be willing to contribute to that project as they will be assured of the benefits from it. Fines and penalties are also compulsory unreciprocated payments, but are distinct from taxes as they should be punitive in nature and imposed by a judicial body. This may be imposed on people who go against the morals or the norms of the community. Social Contributions are payments either from employees or employers in exchange for Social benefits in the future, or to insure against risk in the future. Voluntary Social Contributions are excluded from measures of the tax burden e. g. Payments to pension schemes. Conclusion In general, public policy undergoes several stages from problem identification, agenda seytting, policy formulation, policy legitimation, policy implementation and monitoring and evaluation. In the study of public policy there are theories and approaches to its study. They include rationalist/comprehensive approach which emphasizes the idea of maximum social gain from the policy. For a policy to be adopted its benefits must exceed its benefits. If the forecaster overestimates revenues in any one country, the consequences are serious: plans must be cut so as to meet the revenue which is received, implying that services will be reduced, or citizens will be taxed more in which case political and administrative costs are acquired. if the forecaster underestimates revenue, however, no such consequences must be confronted because the programs will be run within the budget limit. The costs which may be incurred from underestimating revenues are significantly less than the costs which may be incurred from overestimating revenues. Implementing policy may end up with results which were unexpected; it may come from a policy whose reach goes beyond the problem it was initially meant to address. REFERENCES Dirk Jan Kraan. Budgetary Decisions, A Public Choice Approach (1996), Dye Thomas, Understanding Public Policy, (1984) Henry Nicholas, Public Administration and Public Affairs, (1995) James E. Anderson, Public Policymaking: An Introduction. (2006). McLennan B. Comparative Public Policy (1980) Praeger, Public Sector Management, (1990) Sabatier, P. , and Mazmanian, D. Implementation and Public Policy (1989) hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-40541408721001442692020-01-09T01:21:00.001-08:002020-01-09T01:21:03.530-08:00Native Americans Of North Carolina Essay - 1021 Words American Indians had been living in North Carolina for at least 9,500 years before European explorers first encountered them in the 1520s. For the past several decades an increasing number of Americans have been identifying as American Indians. For centuries before European contact, these native people lived in harmony with the natural environment, taking no more from the land than they needed to survive. Of all the states in the Union, North Carolina has witnessed the largest increase in Native American population during the past 100 years, based upon official government census documents. The Indian population in North Carolina consists of one federally recognized Indian tribe (Cherokee), seven state-recognized tribes, andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The Qualla Boundary reservation, where much of the tribe now lives, was charted in 1889. The total land base of the Eastern Band of the Cherokee Indians consists of 56,573 acres in western North Carolina. 5,287 of the tribes 6,311 members live on the Qualla reservation. The Eastern Band is a political body, administered by a chief and a vice-chief who are elected to four-year terms. Haliwa-Saponi The Haliwa Saponi people are descendents of the Saponi, Tuscarora, Occaneechee, Tutelo, and Nansemond Indians. In the 1700s these five tribes merged, settling in the area of Halifax and Warren counties where the Haliwa Saponi live today. In 1957, the Haliwa-Saponi established the only tribal school recognized by North Carolina at the time. Today, the school building houses the Haliwa-Saponi Tribal Charter School. The tribes home base is in Hollister, NC. The tribe is under the leadership of a council and chief. The Tribal Council consists of 10 members, the Chief and the Vice Chief. The current population of the tribe is at least 3,005. The Haliwa-Saponi leadership has focused upon three major issues during the past two decades: tribal self-sufficiency, preservation of tribal culture, and improving the quality of life of its members. Indians of Person County For more than two centuries, the Indians of Person County have lived in the central Piedmont straddling in the North Carolina-Virginia border. They descended from aShow MoreRelatedTrail Of Tears : Reasons Behind The Action1648 Words à |à 7 PagesIndians in 1836 from western North Carolina to Oklahoma, known as the ââ¬Å"Trail of Tears,â⬠is one of the most traumatic events in American history. By 1830, the Native Americans had adopted the written language of the Anglo-Americans and signed treaties with them guaranteeing their rights to their land. Although the Natives often adapted to the Anglo-American ways of life and many Natives converted to Christianity, the relationship between the Natives and the Anglo-American people was far from peacefulRead MoreAustralian And Native American History1472 Words à |à 6 Pagesvastly different regions and cultures of the world, Australian and Native American mythologies have more in common than people initially realize. Both span th ousands of years of traditional lifestyles, having developed unique folklore in order to preserve their cultures. Australian mythology has a slightly less severe tone, having written their myths in order to record them in the aftermath of colonization, while Native Americans feel a religious reverence for the tales because they view their storiesRead MoreCherokee Indians And Native American Tribes1056 Words à |à 5 Pageswhen the topic of Native Americans is discussed it is only about the struggles and hardships they went through but never their actual culture of how and where they originated or how they came to be. There are many interesting things to learn about Cherokee Indians such as their heritage, religion, language, and their traditional songs, dances, and food. The Cherokee people have been identified as one of the most socially and culturally advanced of all other Native American tribes. ArtifactsRead MoreThe Indian Removal Act Of 1830865 Words à |à 4 PagesWhen the Indian Removal act of 1830 was enacted, the Cherokee Nation panicked. The Cherokee, specifically the romanticized Tsali, did their best to preserve their culture in the mountains of North Carolina, but what really saved them from their harsh fate that so many other Cherokee faced, was there white chief, William Holland Thomas. The Cherokee were ââ¬Å"disagreeable and dangerous neighbors,â⬠but they had a powerful ally in Raleigh, who saved the Eastern Band from a much harsher fate. The EasternRead More My Cultural Identity Essay examples998 Words à |à 4 PagesMy culture identity, as I know it as is African American. My culture can be seen in food, literature, religion, language, the community, family structure, the individual, music, dance, art, and coul d be summed up as the symbolic level. Symbolic, because faith plays a major role in our daily lives through song, prayer, praise and worship. When Iââ¬â¢m happy I rely on my faith, same as when Iââ¬â¢m sad, for I know things will get better as they have before. There are different disciplines within the humanitiesRead MoreUnfair Treatment of the Native Americans1498 Words à |à 6 Pagesof the Native Americans- the Cherokee Nation Throughout the 19th century Native Americans were treated far less then respectful by the United Statesââ¬â¢ government. This was the time when the United States wanted to expand and grow rapidly as a land, and to achieve this goal, the Native Americans were ââ¬Å"pushedâ⬠westward. It was a memorable and tricky time in the Nativesââ¬â¢ history. The US government made many treatments with the Native Americans, making big changes on the Indian nation. Native AmericansRead MoreChapter 3 : The British Atlantic World1657 Words à |à 7 Pagesforced the Iroquois to assist them in a war against the French, to which the Iroquois, like Onondaga orator Canassatego, were forced to say yes. Similar to the French and Spanish colonies, the British allied with Native Americans to gain power in North America. Meanwhile, many Native American groups grouped together in what the British called ââ¬Å"tribesâ⬠in order to counter population decline and have some political power. The colonies were mostly autonomous and part of the South Atlantic System, whichRead MoreAp American Historyï ¼Å¡ Slavery953 Words à |à 4 PagesAnalyze the origins and development of slavery in Britainââ¬â¢s North American colonies in the period 1619 to 1776. Support your answers with evidence from the assigned readings. The Root of Slavery in Colonial America 1619-1776 The colonists did not choose Africans for slavery simply because they were unease by their alien skin tone or because they belittle the peopleââ¬â¢s lack of civilized background. In fact, the first Africans to arriveRead MoreColonization and Conflict in the South, 1600-1750 Essay1441 Words à |à 6 Pagesof seventeenth-century North America were weakened by disease, wracked by recurring conflicts with Native Americans, and disrupted by profit-hungry plantersââ¬â¢ exploitation of poor whites and blacks alike. Many of the tragedies of Spanish colonization and Englandââ¬â¢s conquest of Ireland were repeated in the American South and the British Caribbean. Just as the English established their first outpost on Chesapeake Bay with a set of goals and strategies in mind, so too the native Indians of that regionRead MoreEssay on Development of African American Studies1148 Words à |à 5 PagesDevelopment of African American Studies Scholars have dedicated their time and attention to furthering the discipline of African American Studies and can define the field with many different definitions. Through looking at the origins and development in the study we can see how it became a legitimate academic field. As we study the writings of the African American intellect, it will fully explain the importance of the discipline. Their work will justify the study of cultural and historical experiences hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-33377226187979178822019-12-31T21:45:00.001-08:002019-12-31T21:45:04.019-08:00Communication Is The Best Key For Solving A Interpersonal... The communication can be interpreted as sharing thought and expression between people to ensure and understand each other. The benefits of communication provides a people to get a several advantage. One of the benefit of communication could be share a sincere feeling by communication to become truly close by together. Also by communication, people whom are in the team, they can coperated to develop teamwork. Another reason communication is imporant is because it can prevent a misunderstanding between people to keep relationship on good . The communication should be one of the necessary method to know for all the people who are sharing sincere feeling, work as a team, and prevent misunderstanding to prevent personal relationships trouble. During the conversation, it is important to share a sincere feeling between people to deliever a true of mind. The communication also could be the one of the method to give opponent a ture of mind by sharing thought and expression. Unfortunately, so me of people are struggling about interpersonal relation because by some reasons. In my opinion, the communication would be the best key for solving a interpersonal relationship whatever it made that situations. For exmaple, me and my sister are four-years gap that make us been to less familar until we having a communication due to living in far away.My sister and my father were at United States to perparing to new lives, and my mom and I were in South Korea to finish my schooling in middleShow MoreRelatedMy Ideal Job And The Professional1731 Words à |à 7 PagesSection 3: My ideal job and the professional, personal and interpersonal capabilities I require to do this ideal job. In addition, given the rate of change in the business environment, you can expect that your conception of your ideal job and the capabilities required to do it well, will not be static. Try to identify the trends that might influence the shape of your job over the next 5-10 years. Again, there are resources online to help you work this through - elmikhttp://www.academia.edu/7330Read MoreThe Importance Of Team Building A Team Based Environment Essay1609 Words à |à 7 PagesINTRODUCTION Team building can be collectively termed for various types of activities used to enhance social relations and define roles within teams,which often involves collaborative tasks. It is very much distinct from team training, which is designed to improve efficiency, rather than interpersonal relations. Many team-building exercises are aimed to expose and address the interpersonal problems within the group.[1] These activities are intended to improve performance in a team-based environmentRead MoreSummary With ever increasing pace of change and complexity within businesses, it is easy to900 Words à |à 4 Pagesproducing the desired pace and quality of results. Typically the effective management aspects include problem solving, interpersonal communication, decision making, conflict management, negotiation, team building and motivation. To achieve these eminent skills with the accurate quality of management, an individual must begin with strengthening the skills that complement his/her best behaviour (Zenger 2009). Being self aware is highly important in todayââ¬â¢s competitive environment and it is essentialRead MoreEffectiveness Of Effective Interpersonal Communication1037 Words à |à 5 Pageseffective interpersonal communication is the numer one compliance tool and resource for law enforcement officers. According to a survey, law enforcement officers spend 80 percent of the time using their interpersonal communications, whether its verbal, face-to -face, on the two way radio, writing reports, notebooks, computers, etc. It can be basically categorized into communicating within the law enforcement environment and communication within the community. Interpersonal communication can be complexRead MoreThe Importance Of Interpersonal Communication Through The Implementation Of Listening, Feedback And Questioning Skills1270 Words à |à 6 Pagesbenefits of interpersonal communication through the implementation of listening, feedback and questioning skills. This report additionally addresses recommendations in regard to the effectiveness of interpersonal communication skills being employed as an Events Coordinator. This report was authorized by the Professional Conference Organisers (PCO) representing the interests of event coordinators, managers and planners Australia wide. 1.2 Scope and Methodology The interpersonal communication skills ofRead MoreThe Key Learning And Insights Derived From Ob 1 Class Sessions, And Your Proposed Plan For Your Personal Essay1707 Words à |à 7 PagesMANAGING SELF ASSIGNMENT Personal Learning Paper of max 8 pages in length summarizing the key learning and insights derived from OB 1 class sessions, and your proposed plan for your Personal Development Plan. Organisational Behaviour has always been one of the subjects I have enjoyed studying. I was first introduced to this subject in college while pursuing B.B.A., but the lectures taught in college were all theoretical and not practical at all. When I was introduced to Organisational BehaviourRead MoreCommunication Within the Diverse Criminal Justice Departments and Angencies2361 Words à |à 9 Pagesmany purposes for communication within the very diverse criminal justice departments and agencies. Communication is a means of connecting people or places together and if not conveyed just right could be misunderstood and misinterpreted. The purposes for communication between the sender and receiver are to solicit information, to train, explain, or inform, to educate, mediate and persuade and last but not least to problem solve. Those were only a few modes or purposes of communication, the list goesRead MoreEarly Childhood Education Program Models1115 Words à |à 5 PagesWhy did you choos e this particular model? I choose the High Scope Curriculum because itââ¬â¢s different from other programs. The program is consistent with their practices. It offers the best practices suggested by the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). One thing that makes it unique in relation to different programs is it uses the plan-do-review sequence. The social, intellectual, and physical are crucial to young childrenââ¬â¢s growth. Learning content in this area is organizedRead MoreThe Problem With Maples Leaf Shoes Ltd1323 Words à |à 6 PagesOrganization Development for a managerial position. Recommended would be Certified Human Resource Professional or a masterââ¬â¢s degree or coursework to cater Maple Leaf Shoes Ltd. needs which includes business administration, organizational development, labor relations and behavioral and social sciences. Certification in specialty areas such as benefits administration and training, human resource Information systems and Internet enhance career growth opportunities would add value. â⬠¢ Work Experience: the managerRead MoreWhat Makes Someone a Successful Entrepreneur?1623 Words à |à 7 PagesMind Your Own Business What makes someone a successful entrepreneur? It certainly helps to have strong technology skills or expertise in a key area, but these are not defining characteristics of entrepreneurship. Instead, the key qualities are traits such as creativity, the ability to keep going in the face of hardship, and the social skills needed to build great teams. If you want to start a business, it s essential to learn the specific skills that underpin these qualities hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-4929497908839940372019-12-23T17:32:00.001-08:002019-12-23T17:32:03.533-08:00The Future Of Cloning Essay - 1542 Words The Future Of Cloning On July 5, 1996, a sheep named Dolly was born, having been cloned from an adult sheep cell. This event brought with it a swirl of controversy regarding the implications of cloning. Just days after the event, Bill Clinton banned all federal funding for human cloning research in order to analyze the legal and ethical ramifications of human cloning. Cloning of both humans and animals has amazing potential in research and medicine, but there are drawbacks. There are many ethical, philosophical, and religious objections to cloning, especially the cloning of humans. In this paper I hope to convince you that both human and animal cloning are veins of research that are worth pursuing and that only some divisions of humanâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦These proteins, when absent from humans, can cause diseases like hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, and emphysema (Time.com n. pag.). Harvesting those proteins in domesticated animals would make the proteins more available to the public and significan tly less expensive. As inhabitants of Earth we have responsibilities, some of which we have failed to live up to. Perhaps the most devastating example of human impact on Earth is the ongoing endangerment and extinction of entire species of animals and plants. Creatures that lived in harmony with nature, but could not adapt to the new environments imposed by human development and expansion. These were not species selected by nature, they were driven by humans to or near extinction. As inhabitants of Earth, and the instigators of the injustice, we have a responsibility to do all in our power to save the animals and plants still on the endangered species list. Cloning could give us the capability to rescue those species. The success rate of cloning is very low, but with more development and research scientists should be able to clone some plants and animals off the endangered species list. There has even been talk of bringing back species already gone extinct, but the female of one species wont usually giv e birth to an animal of a different species (New Scientist n.pag.). Human cloning is much more controversial than animal cloning. It isShow MoreRelatedCloning : The Future Of Medicine And The Curing Of Diseases1427 Words à |à 6 PagesCloning By: Joshua Weidner Cloning: is it the future of medicine and the curing of diseases or is it the beginning of an unholy tragedy? Cloning needs to be looked into for the fact it could help save many people s lives. Before I decided to study the subject I had no idea how much cloning could help us as the human race. Cloning is a very promising field of study and could hold the key to the future of what it means to be human. Almost everyone has come to believe that the first animal to beRead MoreThe Debate of Human Cloning Essay1690 Words à |à 7 PagesThe journey that human cloning has taken has been one of dramatic highs and lows, heated arguments and confusion about the path ahead. When researchers witnessed the birth of the first cloned mammal, they were ecstatic, but this high ended with the tragic early death of this sheep, Dolly, due to abnormalities (Jaenisch 2004: 2787). The initial success and progress in this field fueled scientists to want to do further research into this technology, which would eventually leading to work with humanRead MorePros And Cons Of Cloning1109 Words à |à 5 PagesWhat is Cloning? Cloning is a number of processes that are used to create genetically identical copies of an organism. Researchers have cloned a number of biological materials, such as genes, cells, tissues and whole organisms, including sheep s and horses. Cloning can happen naturally in identical twins, but it can also be done in a lab. (Cloning Fact Sheet). Pros: . Parents with no eggs and sperm can create children that are genetically related to them. . Endangered plants and animals canRead MorePros And Cons Of Cloning1106 Words à |à 5 PagesCloning is a number of processes that are used to create genetically identical copies of an organism. Researchers have cloned a number of biological materials, such as genes, cells, tissues and whole organisms, including sheep s and horses. Cloning can happen naturally in identical twins, but it can also be done in a lab. (Cloning Fact Sheet). Pros: . Parents with no eggs and sperm can create children that are genetically related to them. . Endangered plants and animals can be cloned to saveRead MoreCloning712 Words à |à 3 PagesCloning 1. What should Dr. Smith do? I think that with such minimal overall research done in the entire cloning industry and no research done with a human being the variable, it is not a wise decision for Dr. Smith to proceed with cloning the body cell of Lucy. Although I donââ¬â¢t think that any further damage (besides death) could happen to Lucy, if something terrible happens or if the procedure does go well and then Lucy becomes ill or something else goes wrong with the cloning in the longRead MoreThe Science Of The Human Race909 Words à |à 4 Pagesshould soon advance the biology of the human race. Ever since the cloning of the first animal, a sheep named Dolly in the year 1996 the world has been afraid that animal cloning is only the beginning for they felt man was playing god. As for human cloning the public knew it would follow soon after. In this time of panic Gretchen Vogel, a journalist notes, that suddenly the publicââ¬â¢s fears came true. In the year 1997 before any cloning laws were set a physicist, ââ¬Å"Richard Seed, made a widely publicizedRead More Against Cloning Essay667 Words à |à 3 PagesAgainst Cloning à à à à à As soon as you mention the word cloning, you are most likely to ignite a debate. This is because people are greatly divided on whether its good or bad. A way to reach a conclusion is to look at cloning from ethical, risk, and religious perspectives. The reality is, cloning is unethical, very risky, and irreligious. The arguments I will make will hopefully convince you that cloning is not good for the future. Cloning is very unethical. It would be violating the humanRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley664 Words à |à 3 Pagesin the future and in the past time has changed and many differences were made. In his Dystopian Society Huxley portrays masses of niches where the government produces clones for specific reasons. Huxley decides throughout Brave New World that cloning humans is unethical. He then becomes in contact with the societyââ¬â¢s most powerful Alphas and Betas clones. Huxley suggest in BNW that lower class groups in cloning humans to act like servants to terrorize them into working hard conditions. Cloning is becomingRead MoreThe Ethics of Human Cloning Essay1294 Words à |à 6 PagesHuman cloning is separated into two major categories; reproductive cloning, which uses cloning technology to create a human embryo that will produce an entire human, and therapeutic, which adopt cloning into field of medical practices to find a cure for many diseases (Kass). Reproducti ve cloning requires a somatic cell, a DNA-less egg, and a surrogate mother; as a result, it creates a new individual with the same genome, or genetic coding. The idea originated in Germany in 1938, but the first successfulRead MoreThe Ethical Implications Of Cloning1265 Words à |à 6 PagesCloning is the process of making copies of individuals that occur in nature such as bacteria, insects, plants, invertebrates or vertebrates. The copy is called clones. Clones are genetically identical to their original parent. Development of cloned animals, which have been genetically engineered to produce valuable proteins in their milk. These have uses in medicine, cloning can also save animals from extinction. Cloning would open doors to even more powerful technologies of human genetic information hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-32308652340343690792019-12-15T14:02:00.001-08:002019-12-15T14:02:03.933-08:00The Micromax Mobile Phone Free Essays [pic] X560 User Manual INTRODUCTION Thank you for purchasing this Micromax mobile phone. To obtain the best performance of your phone, please read this user manual carefully. Table of Contents 1Safety4 1. We will write a custom essay sample on The Micromax Mobile Phone or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 Safety Precautions4 2Introduction5 2. 1Phone and Accessories5 2. 2To Lock/Unlock6 2. 3Your Phone6 2. 4About your phone6 2. 5About SIM Card and the Battery6 2. 6To switch ON and OFF7 3Phonebook7 3. 1To Add a contact7 3. 2To View a contact7 3. 3To Call a contact7 3. 4To Edit a contact7 3. 5To Delete a contact8 3. 6To Copy a contact to phone memory8 3. 7To Move a contact8 3. 8Send a contact8 . 9Add to Blacklist8 3. 10Caller groups8 3. 11Phonebook settings8 4Calling9 4. 1Call waiting9 4. 2Call Barring9 4. 3Call divert9 5Call Logs10 5. 1Missed calls/dialed calls/received calls/blocked calls10 6Messages10 6. 1Write SMS10 6. 2SMS Inbox10 6. 3SMS Draftbox11 6. 4SMS Outbox11 6. 5Sent items11 6. 6Archive12 6. 7Delete Messages12 6. 8Templates12 6. 9Message settings12 6. 10EMAIL12 6. 11Broadcast Message13 7Phone Call Settings14 7. 1Customized General Settings/Phone Settings/ Connection Settings14 8User Profiles15 8. 1User Profile Setup15 9Entertainment16 9. 1Camera16 9. 2Image Viewer16 . 3Vi deo Recorder16 9. 4Video Player17 9. 5Music Player17 9. 6Photo editor17 9. 7Sound Recorder18 9. 8Slide show18 9. 9FM Radio18 10Fun Games18 10. 1Games18 11Bluetooth18 11. 1To Activate/Deactivate Bluetooth Connectivity19 11. 2To Search/Inquire Audio Device19 11. 3To Search My (new) device19 11. 4Active Device19 11. 5Settings19 12Organizer19 13File Manager20 14WAP JAVA Services21 14. 1WAP Browser21 14. 2WAP Setup21 14. 3Java21 15STK22 15. 1STK Services22 16Inputting Text22 17Phone Suite22 18Maintenance23 19Taking Care of your Device24 20After Services25 Safety 1. 1 Safety Precautions Please read through the following briefings carefully, and act in accordance with these rules, so as to prevent causing any danger or violating any law. Safe driving 1) Do not use the phone while driving. When you have to use the phone, please use the personal hands-free kit. 2) Please put the phone safely in the phone stand. Do not put it onto any passenger seat or any place from which it may fall down in case of vehicular collision or emergency braking. Turn off during a flight: Flight is influenced by interference caused by the phone. It is illegal to use a phone on the airplane. Please turn off your phone during a flight. Turn off the phone when within an area where blasting takes place: Be sure to strictly observe the related laws and statutes by turning off the phone when you are within, or in the vicinity of, an area where blasting takes place. Turn off the phone when any dangerous goods are in vicinity: Please turn off your phone when you are close to a gas station or in the vicinity of any place where fuel and chemical preparations, or any other dangerous goods are stored. In hospital: Please obey the related rules or bylaws of the hospital when using your phone in a hospital. Be sure to turn off your phone when near any medical equipment. Your use of any wireless transmission equipment, inclusive of the phone, will interfere with any medical equipment that is not protected fully, and other electronic equipment items, too. Should you have any question in this regard, please consult a related physician or medical equipment supplier. Interference: Each and every phoneââ¬â¢s performance may be affected due to radio interference. Professional service: The phone must be installed or repaired by no other personnel than professionals. You are likely to suffer a huge risk when you install or repair this phone by yourself, which also goes against the warranty rules. Fittings and battery: You shall use the fittings and battery acknowledged by the phone manufacturer only. Using unauthorized accessories may tamper the warranty of the device. Emergency call: You may enter a telephone number (112, etc. ) to ask for emergency help after making sure that the phone has been turned on and is in the service status. Press the Send Key to call out. Disclaimer: Micromax will not bear any responsibility for any incompliance with the above mentioned guidelines or improper usage of the mobile phone. Micromax keeps the right to make modifications to any of the content here in this user guide without public announcement in advance. The content of this manual may vary from the actual content displayed in the mobile phone. In such a case, the latter shall govern. Introduction 1 Phone and Accessories Open the packing box of the phone and check that you have the Phone, Standard Charger, Standard Battery, USB cable, Earphone, Service Guide, Software CD, Leather pouch and Warranty Card. 2 To Lock/Unlock To unlock your phone (if auto keypad is enabled), press the small button on the top side of the phone. Or to unlock the phone slide up on the message displayed on the screen. 4 Your Phone [pic][pic] 5 About your phone Micromax X560 is a complete Touch phone. The main display of your phone is divided into 2 screens, slide your finger across the phone to change to the other screen to view more features. You can also change wallpapers by simply sliding your finger across the screen and choose from a wide range of interesting wallpapers. 6 About SIM Card and the Battery Please store the cards out of childrenââ¬â¢s reach. The card and the contacts are vulnerable to damage due to scratching or bending. Therefore, be careful when using, inserting or removing the cards. Be sure to switch off the phone before you insert or remove the battery or the card, otherwise, the phone may be damaged. Tips: The battery icon [pic] displayed on the screen indicates that the battery power is low. Please charge the battery. Please charge the battery before you use the newly purchased phone. We suggest you charge the battery for 4 hours continuously for the first time. Charging when the phone is in the ON mode will not influence the normal dialing and answering, but this needs to consume power, thus the time of charging will increase. We suggest you recharge the battery when the power is used up so as to prolong the life of the battery. 7 To switch ON and OFF To switch ON: Long press End key when the phone is in the OFF mode. If the phone lock has been activated, you need to enter the 4-digit password to unlock. (The preset unlock code is 0000. ) If the SIM card has been inserted in the phone, and the related PIN code protection is activated, you need to enter the 4-8 digit password to unlock. Warning: If you enter three wrong PIN codes in a row, the SIM card will be locked and you need to enter the PUK code to unlock. Both the PIN code and PUK code are provided by the network operator. To switch OFF: In the standby mode, press the key on the top side of the phone to power on and off. Phonebook You can store names and phone numbers in the memory of the phone or SIM card. Menu Phonebook 1 To Add a contact MenuPhonebookOptionsNew Or in idle, tap on the calling icon to enter phone numbers and save a contact. 2 To View a contact MenuPhonebookOptionsView In the contact list of the Phonebook, select to view the required name card 3 To Call a contact MenuPhonebookOptionsCall View the contact number to make calls 4 To Edit a contact MenuPhonebookOptionsedit Allows you to edit a contact 5 To Delete a contact MenuPhonebookOptionsDelete Allows you to delete a contact 6 To Copy a contact to phone memory MenuPhonebookOptionsCopy Copy the contact to the phone memory 7 To Move a contact MenuPhonebookOptionsMove Move a contact from the phone to the SIM memory or vice-versa 8 Send a contact MenuPhonebookOptionsSend contact Allows you to send a contact via message, MMS, email or Bluetooth 9 Add to Blacklist MenuPhonebookOptionsAdd to blacklist Add the contact to the blacklist 10 Caller groups Menu Phonebook OptionsCaller groups To view the ââ¬Ëcaller groupsââ¬â¢ folder tap on the fourth key above- to select the group to be set in the preset groups mentioned in the phone. Like- Friends, family, colleagues, others and more. 11 Phonebook settings Menu Phonebook OptionsPhonebook settings â⬠¢ Choose phonebook view- Choose a location to save your contacts in â⬠¢ Speed dial- Choose numbers from your contact list and put them under the speed dial list â⬠¢ My number- View your number vCard version- View the vCard version â⬠¢ Extra numbers- View SIM1, SIM2 or SOS numbers â⬠¢ Phonebook backup- Allows you to import export contacts to and from the phonebook. â⬠¢ Memory status-View the used and available phone SIM memory â⬠¢ Copy contacts- Allows you to copy a contact from the phone to SIM memory and vice-versa â⬠¢ Move contacts- Allows you to move a contac t from the phone to SIM memory and vice-versa â⬠¢ Delete all contacts- Delete all the contacts from SIM or phone memory Calling Note: Once you attend a call your phone will display a series of functions from you to choose from. For example- Mute, Send message, Hold call and more. Choose anyone feature to carry out the desired functions. 1 Call waiting Menu Settings Call settingsCall Waiting This function allows you to put the current call on hold and then answer a second one. If, during a call, a new call comes in, you will hear a special alert sound and the screen will display the number of the new incoming call, which indicates that a third-party call is coming in and waiting for to answer. 2 Call Barring Menu Settings Call settings Call Barring The function is a GSM network service and can restrict outgoing and incoming calls selectively. If you need to change the settings of Restrict Calls, please contact your network operator to obtain the password for opening this service. 3 Call divert Menu Settings Call settings Call divert With the Call Divert function (needs network support), you may divert incoming calls to another mobile phone or a direct line telephone, but not to any extensions of a fixed telephone. Call Logs 1 Missed calls/dialed calls/received calls/blocked calls Press the keys displayed on top of the screen to view All calls/Dialed calls / Received calls/ Missed calls You may select View: View the desired entry Call: Call the desired entry Save to Phonebook: to save the number to the Phonebook Edit: to edit the number to dial or save to the phonebook. Send message: To write SMS/MMS to send to the number. Delete: To delete the entry. Delete All: Delete all the registered entry in one go. Call timer: View the call timers for the last/received/dialed calls or reset Call cost: View the call costs Messages 1 Write SMS Menu Messages Write SMS/MMS Write the content of the SMS Send to: Add contact number Input Method: select Smart abc/Numeric etc Add picture: Add a desired picture in the message you want to send as an MMS Add sound: Add a desired sound in the message you want to send as an MMS Add video: Add a desired video in the message you want to send as an MMS Add subject: Add a desired subject in the MMS message Slide Options: Allows you to add a slide ââ¬Ëbefore/after in the current mms. Swtich to MMS: Allows you to switch from SMS to MMS, manually. Advanced: Insert text template/Insert attachment/contact number/insert contact name (embellish the characters of text)/ Insert bookmark. Save: Save the mms/sms Details: View the details of the MMS/SMS 2 SMS Inbox Menu Messages Inbox To read a message, move to the entry and press OK When reading a SMS, you can select Options View: Allows you to view the SMS received. Reply: Reply to the message received. Call sender: Call on the number from which the SMS was received. Forward: Forward the entry to others. Delete: Delete the message. Delete all: Delete all the messages from the Inbox. Save to Phonebook: Allows you to save the number from which the sms was received to the phonebook. Mark as read: Mark the received SMS as ââ¬Ëreadââ¬â¢ ? Advanced: Copy to phone/SIM: Copy the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Move to phone/SIM: Move the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Copy all: Copy all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or copy all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. ? Move all: Move all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or move all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. SMS Draftbox Menu Messages Drafts View: Allows you to view the SMS received. Send: Send the message saved in drafts Edit: Allows you to edit the SMS received. Delete: Delete the message. Delete all: Delete all the messages from the Inbox. Advanced ? Copy to phone/SIM: Copy the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Move to phone/SIM: Move the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Copy all: Copy all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or copy all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. Move all: Move all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or move all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. 4 SMS Outbox SMS that have been sent and saved are stored in Outbox. Menu Messages Outbox SMS that have been sent and saved are stored in Outbox. To read a message, move to the entry and press OK When reading an SMS, you can select Options View: View the message saved in outbox Resend: Select how to send. Edit: Edit the message. Delete: Delete the message. Delete all: Delete all the messages from the Inbox. Advanced Copy to phone/SIM: Copy the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Move to phone/SIM: Move the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Copy all: Copy all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or copy all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. ? Move all: Move all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or move all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. 5 Sent items MenuMessagesSent items View the messages sent by you to other numbers Menu Messages Sent messages View: View sent messages. Forward: Forward the sent messages Delete: Delete a message in the sent items folder Delete All: Delete all messages in the sent items folder Advanced ? Copy to phone/SIM: Copy the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Move to phone/SIM: Move the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Copy all: Copy all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or copy all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. ? Move all: Move all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or move all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. 6 Archive MenuMessagesArchive Allows you to save messages received in your inbox into this archive folder. 7 Delete Messages MenuMessagesDelete messages Delete messages from the following folders: Inbox, Drafts, Outbox, Sent messages, Archive, All messages 8 Templates MenuMessagesTemplatesSMS Templates/MMS Templates The phone has preset frequently used phrases which may be selected and added to the text when you are editing SMS. Preset phrases may be modified. 9 Message settings MenuMessagesMessages settings SMS Settings MenuMessagesMessage settingsSMS settings Profile settings- â⬠¢ Voicemail server â⬠¢ Common settings- Set to receive Delivery reports, Reply path, Save Sent message. â⬠¢ Memory status â⬠¢ Preferred storage MMS Settings MenuMessagesMessage settingsMMS settings â⬠¢ Profiles- Select a profile from the available network profiles. â⬠¢ Common setting- Select to compose, send, retrieve or view the memory status. 10 EMAIL E-Mail Before use, you need to set the e-mail in the ââ¬Å" E-mail accountsâ⬠menu. Via this menu, you can receive and send e-mail. à ¦ Send and Receive: You can send/receive the e-mail from the specified mailbox. Write Email: You can edit e-mails. à ¦ Inbox: You can see the received e-mails. à ¦ Outbox: You can see the sent e-mails. à ¦ Sent: You can view send e-mails. à ¦ Drafts: You can see the drafts in the specified mailbox. à ¦ Clear mailbox: You can clear the e-mails in the specified mailbox, including inbox, outbox, sent e-mail backup and drafts, or clear all e-mails. à ¦ Delete marked emails: You can change the status of all e-mails to deleting status. à ¦ Email accounts: You can set up you new account. à ¦ Templates: you can pre-edit some common phrases, which is convenient for quick editing. Incoming Server: You can set the server parameters for the received e-mails, including Incoming server, Incoming port, user name and password etc. o Signature: You can set it On or Off and edit the signature. The first step in us ing email on your mobile phone is to define your email accountââ¬â¢s settings so that your mobile phone knows which server to contact and to login using the correct credentials. TO CONFIGURE A NEW EMAIL ACCOUNT: Go to: â⬠¢ Email Email accounts Options New Account Start to create account Email address Options Next Select email protocol (ââ¬ËPOP3ââ¬â¢ or ââ¬ËIMAP- as per the account settings). Next Select Data account (as per the SIM connection) Incoming Server (edit email incoming server as per the account standard settings). â⬠¢ Next Outgoing Server (edit email outgoing server as per the account standard settings) User Name Password Account Name Options Done (email account is created) â⬠¢ Go to- Created email account Options Edit (user can edit email account settings if required) â⬠¢ Advance Settings Outgoing Sever Outgoing Port (Input correct outgoing port according to the email configuration). Advance Settings Incoming Server Incoming Port ( Input correct incoming port according to the email configuration) â⬠¢ Go to- Configured email account Options Activate Your email account is now created! 11 Broadcast Message Menu Messages Broadcast Message The phone supports Broadcast Message. It is supported by GSM network. Broadcast messages are single-way messages sent to the users of the network operators by the message service center. For the contents and channel setup of broadcast messages, consult your network operator. Phone Call Settings Customized General Settings/Phone Settings/ Connection Settings |Functions |Description | |Set time and date |Menu Settings Phone settings Time and date | |Schedule power on/off |Menu Settings Phone settings Schedule power on/off | | |To disable and enable status; to activate/deactivate, switch on/off, and time in turn. |Select language |Menu Settings Phone settings Language | |Set Display setup |Menu Settings Phone settings gt; Display Setup Wallpaper/Screen saver/Sh ow date and | | |time/LCD backlight/ Show owner number | |Set Greeting text |Menu Settings Phone settings Greeting Text | |Auto update of date and time On/Off |Menu Settings Phone settings Auto update of date and time | |Set Caller ID |Menu Settings Call settings SIM1/2 call settingsCaller ID | |Set Call waiting |Menu Settings Call settings SIM1-2 call settingsCallà waiting | |Set call Divert |Menu Settings Call settings SIM1-2 call settings Call Divert Tip: You can select | | |Cancel all divert to cancel all the divert settings. | |Set Call Barring |Menu Settings Call settings SIM1-2 call settings Call Barring. Restrict Calls is | | |a GSM network service. Please contact your network operator to obtain the password for | | |opening this service. |Set the Blacklist |Menu Settings Call settings Advance settingsBlacklist | |Reject by SMS |Menu Settings Call settings Advance settingsReject by SMS | | |Reject a call by SMS | |Select network |Menu Settings N etwork settings SIM 1-2 network settings | | |New Search: The phone will select a new network automatically. | | |Select Network: The phone will search and display the list of known networks for you to | | |select the desired one, after which, the phone will try to log in the selected network. | | |If the selected network is registered successfully, it will prompt so. | |Set information of GPRS Connection |Menu Connectivity Data accountGPRS/GSM Data | |WIFI MenuWIFI | | |Enable the WiFi connection in your phone to gain access to internet at any WiFi enabled | | |location | |Restore factory default |Menu Settings Restore factory settings | | |Tip: You need to enter the phone password when you want to restore factory default. The | | |preset phone password is 0000. Please bear your password in mind. Incase you forget it, | | |contact the local dealer or an authorized service center. | User Profiles 1 User Profile Setup Functions |Description | |Activate the profile mode |Menu S ettings User profiles Desired modeOptions Activate | |Set the ringtone for incoming calls |Menu Settings User profiles Customize Tone setup SIM1-2 Incoming call | |Set the ringtone for messages |Menu Settings User profiles Customize Tone setup SIM1-2 message tone | |Set the ringtone for key pad tone |Menu Settings User profiles Customize Tone setup Keypad tone | |Adjust the volume of Ring Tone / Key |Menu Settings User profiles Customize Volume | |Tone | | |Set Alert Type of ringing |Menu Settings User profiles Customize Alert type | |Set the ring type |Menu Settings User profiles Customize Ring type | |Set the Extra Tone |Menu Settings User profiles Customize Extra tone | |Set the answer mode |Menu Settings User profiles Customize Answer mode | Entertainment 1 Camera Menu Camera Tap on the screen to view various functions. From Settings choose from a list of functions below to carry out the desired task Photos: View the images clicked. Camera settings: Set E V, Banding, delay timer, shutter sound, contrast and cont. shot, Image settings: Set the size and quality of photos. White balance: Set White Balance. Scene mode: Set scene mode. Effect settings: Set the special effects of photos, such as Grayscale, Sepia, Sepia Green and Colour Invert. Storage: Select phone or memory card. Restore default: Restore default settings. 2 Image Viewer Menu Image viewer On the Image viewer list screen, open the image and select Options View: View the highlighted photo. Edit: Edit the image Browse style: Select the style of viewing. Send: Send the photo by MMS or Bluetooth, Email Use as: Set the highlighted photo as wallpaper, screen saver, or the photo caller ID of a Phonebook entry. Rename: Rename the highlighted file. Delete: Delete the highlighted file. Delete all files: Delete all the files from the list. Sort by: Sort the files in the list. Storage: Select phone or memory card. 3 Video Recorder MenuVideo Recorder Choose from a list of functions below to carry out the desired task- Camcorder settings: set White Balance, EV, Night Mode and Banding. Video settings: Set video settings as per your requirement White balance: Set white balance Video settings: Set the Video Quality, File size limit, Rec time limit, and record audio. Effect settings: Set the special effects, such as Grayscale, Sepia, and Sepia Green etc. Restore default: Restore default settings. 4 Video Player Menu Video player On the video player list screen, select Options Send: Send the video by MMS or Bluetooth. Rename: Rename the highlighted file. Delete: Delete the highlighted file. Delete all files: Delete all the files from the list. Sort by: Sort the files in the list. Streaming URL: Allows you to browse sites like Youtube, Google. This feature is a network dependant service. Profile: Choose and activae a desired profile. Storage: Select phone or memory card. YouTube You can now watch videos on your phone on the popular YouTube site. MenuVideo PlayerStreaming URLPredefinedYouTube Note: This service is network dependant. Please get in touch with your network operator for the desired settings. 5 Music Player Menu Music To add songs in your phone either add them from the phone memory or select the memory card by going to ââ¬â Music playerSettingsPlayer settings Pre playlist (Phone/Memory card) Playlists: Allows you to make a playlist and add songs in it either from the phone memory or the memory card. All tracks: Allows you to view all the tracks Recently played: View a list of the recently played songs Most played: View the most played songs. Recently added: View the list of recently added songs Artists: Add the artist name Albums: Add the album name Genres: Add a genre/type to your songs Refresh list: Refresh the playlist Nxp Equalizer: Add sound effects to your songs. Choose from a number of exciting effects like: bassbooster, Classical, Dance, Flat, Folk, Heavymetal, Hiphop, Jazz, Piano, Pop, Rock, Spokenworkd, Symphony, Theater, Treblebooster, Latin, Vocalbooster, Bassreducer, Treblereduces Normal. Settings: â⬠¢ Player settings â⬠¢ Display settings â⬠¢ Sound effects 6 Photo editor Menu Photo editor Allows you to resize the images stored in your phone 7 Sound Recorder Menu Sound recorder On the Sound Recorder list screen, you can select: Play: Play the recorded sound Append: Add a sound Rename: Rename the highlighted recording. Delete: Delete the highlighted recording. Delete all files: Delete all the recordings from the list. Use as: Send the highlighted record to the ringtone list for profiles. Send: Send the highlighted record by MMS, Bluetooth or Email. 8 Slide show Menu Slide show Allows you to view images as a slide show. 9 FM Radio Menu FM radio To search channels- Options Auto search To save the channel list- Select one or all channels and add them to the channel list. To change channels- Long press on the ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢ key to change to the next channel Fun Games 1 Games Menu Games Your phone has many preloaded exciting games in it. Choose the game you wish to play and cross various levels to set the ultimate highest score. Bluetooth You can connect wirelessly to other compatible device with Bluetooth technology. Compatible devices may include computers, mobile phones. You can use Bluetooth connectivity to send images, music and sound clips, video clips, and notes. Since devices with Bluetooth wireless technology communicate using radio waves, your device and the other devices need to be within a range of 10 meters from each other, but the connection may be subject to interference or could face obstruction from stuff such as wall or from other electronic devices. Use the wireless technology of Bluetooth to be able to consume battery quantity of electric charge. If you are restricted by something when using Bluetooth technology, consult your local Micromax support/service station. 1 To Activate/Deactivate Bluetooth Connectivity Menu ConnectivityBluetooth Power(On/Off) 2 To Search/Inquire Audio Device Menu Connectivity Bluetooth Inquiry audio device Tip: Please activate the Bluetooth first. To Search My (new) device Menu Connectivity Bluetooth My device Inquiry new device Tip: Please activate the Bluetooth first. 4 Active Device Menu Connectivity Bluetooth Active Device Tip: Please activate the Bluetooth first. 5 Settings Menu Connectiv ityBluetooth Settings View the following options to change/edit the Bluetooth settings- Visibility- Switch ON/OFF to display your Bluetooth device visbility Device name- Edit your Bluetooth device display name Receive folder- View items received via Bluetooth in the phone/SIM memory Device information- View details about your Bluetooth device. Organizer Functions |Description | |View the calendar |Menu Calendar | |Notes |Menu Notes | |Tasks |Menu Tasks | |Set the alarm |Menu Alarm Edit | |World clock |Menu ApplicationsWorld clock | |Calculator |Menu Calculator | |Unit converter |Menu ApplicationsCurrency converter | |Text reader |Menu ApplicationsText reader | File Manager When a USB cable is connected, you can use the phone as a USB mass storage. |Functions |Description | |View folders |Menu File manager Options Open View folders in phone or SIM memory | |Format |Menu File manager Options Format | WAP JAVA Services 1 WAP Browser Menu Connectivity WAP You need to make the relevant settings in WAP Setup before you use the WAP browser to surf the web. When the WAP browser is activated, if a homepage is set in WAP Setup, the phone will link the website indicated by the homepage; otherwise, you may enter a website and the phone will connect to it. When surfing the web, select Options Refresh: To refresh the web page. Homepage: To link the homepage. Input URL: input a website address. Add Bookmark: Add to bookmark. Set Homepage: set the URL as homepage. Forward/Backward: To turn to the next /previous page. Advance: Show URL info, Bookmark, Save item. Exit: To exit the browser. 2 WAP Setup WAP settings are required for surfing the web with WAP. Follow the steps below to set up a WAP account: â⬠¢ Connectivity Data Account GPRS Add account Add account name/ APN/ Username password Save. Then go to: Menu Connectivity WAP Settings Profiles Add new Account Name/ Homepage/ Data Account (select the previously created data account) Select connection type (HTTP/WAP- Indise HTTP WAP ener the correct proxy address port Done Sa ve the account Go to the created account activate. Menu Connectivity WAP SettingsProfile You can set the following: Account: To select from the GPRS connection list. Connection type: To set WAP or HTTP connection mode. Home page: To set the address of the homepage. The phone has a default and you can modify it. 3 Java Menu ApplicationsJava You can install Java applications to enhance the multimedia function. It also allows you to connect to Snaptu, Nimbuzz and Operamini as well. Java settings Menu ConnectivityJAVA settings STK 1 STK Services If your SIM card supports STK, you may use the corresponding value-added services. Inputting Text You can enter text in English and digit. Phone Suite Connect your phone and PC via the USB cable Select COM Port PhoneSuite provides various functionalities for users to manage the documents in their mobile phone easily on a PC. It will communicate with mobile phone via serial communication or Bluetooth. â⬠¢ Phonebook is used to manage the contacts information between the mobile phone and the PC folder. In addition to adding, editing and deleting contacts, users can get a backup of the phonebook database on the PC folder â⬠¢ Message helps users to read, edit nd send SMS/EMS messages directly from PC. Besides, you can create personal folders to categorize all messages on the PC side. â⬠¢ Settings: contains the system-related settings and message default settings. Users also can set whether they want to import contact list from other software or not here. â⬠¢ Images: is use d to draw images of various file types, and transport the images between the PC and mobile phone. It also provides clip, mirror and rotate functions to reach userââ¬â¢s expectation. â⬠¢ Melody: provides a easier way to compose your own melody through the staff graphic interface. It also provides the functions to transport the melodies between PC and mobile phone. MMS Message: helps users to read, edit MMS messages directly from PC. Users also can transport MMS messages between PC and mobile phone. â⬠¢ File Manager provides a friendly interface for users to manage their files between the PC and the mobile phone. Functionalities of ââ¬Å"copyâ⬠, ââ¬Å"pasteâ⬠, ââ¬Å"deleteâ⬠, ââ¬Å"renameâ⬠and ââ¬Å"new folderâ⬠are provided in the out tool. Besides, File Manager also supports local java installation from PC side. Maintenance Use a dry soft cloth to wipe general dirt. Do not use a hard cloth, benzene or thinner to wipe the phone, otherwise, th e surface of the phone will be scratched or could even result in the fading of color. Taking Care of your Device Your device is a product of superior design and craftsmanship and should be handled with care: The following suggestions will help you protect your phone: â⬠¢ Always keep the small parts of the phone away from children. â⬠¢ Keep the device dry. Precipitation, humidity, and all types of liquids or moisture can contain minerals that will rust electronic circuits. If your device does get wet, remove the battery, and allow the device to dry completely before replacing it. â⬠¢ Do not use or store the device in dusty, dirty areas. Its moving parts and electronic components can be damaged. â⬠¢ Do not store the device in high or cold temperature. High temperatures can shorten the life of electronic devices and damage batteries. Do not attempt to open the device other than as instructed in this guide. â⬠¢ Do not drop, knock, or shake the device. Rough handling can break internal circuit boards and fine mechanics. â⬠¢ Do not use harsh chemicals, cleaning solvents, or strong detergents to clean the device. Only use a soft, clean, dry cloth to clean the surface of the device. â⬠¢ Do not paint the device. Paint can clog the moving parts and prevent proper operation. â⬠¢ Use chargers indoors After Services For details, see the After Service Guide supplied with the phone. [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] How to cite The Micromax Mobile Phone, Papers hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-10367192674154314902019-12-07T10:45:00.001-08:002019-12-07T10:45:04.491-08:00The Decline and Fall of the Roman Republic free essay sample A paper focusing on the history and eventual crumbling of the Roman Republic. This paper gives history behind the Roman Republic, and delves into its decline and eventual collapse. To this day historians debate the reasons for the decline and fall of the Roman Republic; some arguing that conquests by Roman generals allowed them to overpower Republican institutions. To say that these powerful military leaders and their influence over Rome were solely responsible for the fall of the Republic would be nearsighted at best. The decline of the Republic began in the middle of the second century B.C. with political, economic, and social events. These events in addition to the burdens of civil war on Rome, lead to the inevitable failure of the Republic. We will write a custom essay sample on The Decline and Fall of the Roman Republic or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As to the question of whether or not I agree that Roman generals strong armed the Republican government, I only partially agree. I agree that the generals and their influence over Rome, as well as their civil wars were a cause of the fall of the Republic. I feel that there were many other contributing factors, too, which happened over the course of hundreds of years. hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-70008997647864397042019-11-29T22:26:00.001-08:002019-11-29T22:26:05.137-08:00The Whole Business With Kiffo and the Pitbull Essay ExampleThe Whole Business With Kiffo and the Pitbull Paper The whole business with Kiffo and the Pitbull is a humorous book written by the former teacher now Australian author, Barry Jonsberg. This novel is about a misunderstood troublemaker called Jarryd Kiffing (Kiffo), a mean and nasty teacher (potential drug dealer) called Miss Payne, and a journey through mystery, investigation and even death, all written from the perspective of a high school student, Calma Harrison. This essay explores the possible answers to why Kiffo is a victim to his upbringing and why it was not his fault that he did not have good influences; why there is too much expected of him at school; and why Kiffo had to live the life that was given to him. Kiffo is a victim of his upbringing due to one major reason; it was out of his control that he would be born into that family. It seems as though Kiffo does not have the right influences over all. His family were never really supportive of him and his ââ¬Å"friendsâ⬠are not the type of people you would want to hang out with. Take Jonno for example, he is a mysterious character that knows Kiffo through family ties. He is known, within the novel, to steal when he wants something or even worse, he gets Kiffo to steal for him. When Calma and Kiffo visit Jonno, they see a large mountain of beer bottles, this indicates that Jonno is a heavy drinker. ââ¬Å"Kiffo flipped his empty, bottle of beer through the window where it exploded on what must have been a small mountain of broken glass. Jonno belched loudly and did the sameâ⬠(Jonsberg, 2004: 181). Kiffo did not choose this life and is not happy with it, the reason Kiffo has not tried to do anything good in his life is becaus e of the bad influences such as Jonno. We will write a custom essay sample on The Whole Business With Kiffo and the Pitbull specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Whole Business With Kiffo and the Pitbull specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Whole Business With Kiffo and the Pitbull specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Kiffo is a victim of the education system by reason of him having his own free will to excel which is supported by the opportunities given to him in school. The question states that Kiffo is a victim, all though he can decide, whenever he wants, to change his attitude and hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-50695806636437128312019-11-25T21:26:00.001-08:002019-11-25T21:26:05.466-08:00Jonathan Edwards Essays - Christian Philosophy, Hell, Free EssaysJonathan Edwards Essays - Christian Philosophy, Hell, Free Essays Jonathan Edwards The Puritan man must tread lightly and avoid sins in order to enter the good graces of God. Otherwise, the undeserving man will plunge by Gods own hand into the pits of hell. Mercy is not easy to come by and those sinners who are not embraced by the kingdom of Heaven will live in eternal, painful misery. Jonathan Edwards sermon was obviously not intended to encourage his congregation, but to frighten them into good, pure submission. He sears his point onto their brains by using extensive figurative language, including multiple gothic metaphors and similes. For example, Edwards repeatedly preaches about how each man walks on Gods thin hand, which is all that holds the man above the fiery lakes of Hell. If the man becomes or is a sinner, God releases the man into Hell, not because of His wrath, but because the man has chosen his own path by his sins. Edwards God seems, in fact, to be somewhat indifferent towards the fate of each human and only releases or embraces the man when his acti ons warrant it. God plays no part in the fate of men. Your wickedness makes you as it were heavy as lead, and to tend downwards with great weight and pressure towards Hell. Edwards implies that no matter how righteous or healthy a man is, wickedness counts for more in the eyes of an angry God. Each transgression adds weight to the sinners shoulders, and when God releases the man to Hells fiery depths, his good qualities weaken under the burden of the sins and can no longer hold him out of the pits of Hell. Edwards compares the fragility of a mans righteousness and the weight of his sins to a spiders web trying to hold up a heavy rock. Both are futile attempts that will only end in the rocks fast descent to the earth. Whatever the situation, no man wants to suffer the wrath of God. According to Edwards, the wrath of God is like great waters that are dammed for the present, rising higher and higher until they are released and flow slowly over. As the water continues to flow, it become s stronger and more powerful to the point where it overcomes the lives of men. However, until evil and wickedness surface in Puritan society, His vengeance remains trapped behind His hand, rising and gathering, much like the guilt of sinners. If God decides to release His floodgate, all dishonorable men will be swallowed by wrath and descend to fire and brimstone. Edwards reiterates that his God acts on whim, sometime merciful, sometimes cruel and pitiless. In fact, Edwards says, it is nothing but His mere pleasure that keeps you from being this moment swallowed up in everlasting destruction. Not only do Edwards uses of figurative language contribute to the black mood of his sermon, they enhance it. His sermon was meant to instill terror in the hearts of his congregation, and as he spoke of Hell, brimstone, and a merciless God, his audience could probably see the dark clouds of guilt above their heads. Edwards was a powerful, persuasive speaker, and each dark metaphor created fear t hat was great enough to convince his audience never stray off of the path to the gates of Heaven. The Puritans seemed to be greatly concerned with guilt and an entrance to Heaven, so Edwards stressed that mercy is hard to come by from a God who sees his creations only as worthless insects who are easily dropped into eternal misery. Most importantly, when the day of judgement actually arrives, many sinners will be left behind, or, as Edwards described it, dropped from the hand of God into Hell. In conclusion, the Puritans had a very thin line to walk between righteousness and wickedness, and it was necessary to tread on the line very lightly. Barely moving onto the evil side of this moral line could plunge a man into shame, possibly getting him shunned from both his village and the gates of Heaven. Jonathan Edwards knew exactly how to herd his frightened congregation onto the pure side of the imaginary line entirely through the use of black, horrific, figurative language. The hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-15512143350610175592019-11-22T04:51:00.001-08:002019-11-22T04:51:02.929-08:00Tourism and Hospitality Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsTourism and Hospitality Research - Essay Example Research help players in the hospitality industry to understand the best ways provide services for customers. Primary research aids in gathering of information used in books and the respective fields across the globe. While the benefits of research are obvious, it is still debatable if there is such a thing as perfect research. Because of the value laden nature of research, subjectivity of facts, and bias of researchers, I agree with Griffithââ¬â¢s assertion ââ¬Å"there is no hope of doing perfect researchâ⬠(Griffiths, 1998, p97). I argue that despite the absence of perfect research, researchers should be objective, and provide information that is helpful for the tourism industry. Coherent and functional research is achievable through objectivity, respect of rules and ethics and emphasis on validity. 2. My Research Approach: Positive Paradigm For my research, I chose Positivism as my paradigm. The positive paradigm accrues from the ideas of French Philosopher August Comte. Comte observed that observation and reasons are essential to understanding human behavior. He emphasized the role of experience of senses accrued after repeated observation and experiments. Positivist thinkers resonate with Comteââ¬â¢s views because they enhance knowledge acquisition by embodying science as an instrumental tool of research. Determinism, empiricism, parsimony, and generality are key facets of the positive paradigm. Determinism argues that human events are caused by circumstances. Understanding circumstances is, therefore, critical for a substantial research work. Empiricism premises on the use of evidence to support theories. Parsimony implies that explanations for research should be brief and concise (Dash, 2012). Even though positive paradigm has been influential in shaping research, it has been criticized for its lack of acknowledgement for side issues such as subjective state of individuals, the assumption that human nature is passive, and it is under the prer ogative of the external environment (Hossard, 1993). 3. Why Positive Paradigm? Positive paradigm emphasizes objective approach while carrying out research. It also encourages the use of experiments and analysis subject to quantitative and qualitative data. Despite its limitation such as the emphasis on the environment as a key player of occurrences, and the assumption that human nature is passive, positive paradigm provides the best platform upon which a study on tourism and hospitality can be undertaken (Anderson, 1998). I considered the following questions before I chose the positive paradigm as my preferred research method. What are my social phenomena? Is my opinion on tourism and hospitality subjective or objective What are the sources of knowledge for this study? Can more sources be created? What is the relationship between tourism and hospitality and the environment? I realized that positive paradigm provided the best strategy for undertaking this research. First, because the positive paradigm encourages the discovery of new facts dues its objectivity, it creates room for me to inject my personal discoveries. Second, because of tourism and hospitalityââ¬â¢s a direct correlation with the environment, I figured that the environment would be an influential player in the research. I also realized that in this industry, key sources of information hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-24788589973215349942019-11-20T20:26:00.001-08:002019-11-20T20:26:06.263-08:00Customer Relationship Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 wordsCustomer Relationship Management - Essay Example One of the key change agents that has in recent times been seen to have grown in critical importance for companies involves technology. Technology has played a major role in redefining nearly all aspects of business in the modern world (Bidgoli, 2010). It has been key in the facilitation of the gradual shift of power into the hands of the general consumer after moving it from the organization. The greatly empowered customers of the modern world are acutely aware of the immense power that they now wield. By utilizing the internet, customers are now able share information that helps bring them close to not only other customers but also to the organization. The shared feedback, information and various opinions are now generally available to one and all at a rate that can be viewed to be almost instantaneous. It is mainly due to this reason that it organizations cannot be able to ignore social media as a medium of communication (Flynn, 2012). Marketing managers have resulted to learn how to properly utilize this medium so as to be able to effectively manage the relationship that their companies and organizations happen to enjoy with their various customers, this is especially so in light of the fact that social media has proven to be both the bane as well as the boom to most organizations. Marketers are now using social networking to provide prompt customer redress. There is a lot of pressure being exerted on companies forcing them to constantly ensure that they are always on their guard due to the fact that customer reactions on the internet tend to generally happen on an instantaneous live basis. In the event that there happens to be any adverse feedback or shared opinion by a single individual dissatisfied customer, the opinion can quickly spread all over the internet and spearhead a campaign that can have the results of critically harming an organization or company. When used effectively, the internet can serve to help an organization to effectively build up it s customer relationship as well as sufficiently strengthen the existing relationship (Kurtz and Boone, 2010). It can greatly serve to help companies in their attempts to reach out to single individual customer a situation which would otherwise have been deemed as being impossible. The Marketing Organizations have not only taken to communicating with their customers on an individual basis, but with the aid of various data mining techniques as well as the effective use of various technologies, they now better understand all their customerââ¬â¢s needs. This has been seen to greatly help customers in the development of customized solutions that have been specifically tailored to try and effectively address the various needs of a specific given individual customer. Companies and organizations such as Airlines, Insurance companies, Banks and various service industry players such as MacDonaldââ¬â¢s and Pizza hut have been able to achieve these developments and have built emotional co nnections with their customers by implementing the use of technology and various CRM packages. The various dynamics that are involved in marketing have in hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-27251108649296261422019-11-18T23:14:00.001-08:002019-11-18T23:14:04.654-08:00Communication Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 wordsCommunication - Term Paper Example However, I believe that the convenience and ease that mobile phone communication brings have a drawback and that is making the quality of communication superficial. In my opinion, the impersonality of communication that mobile phones have brought into peopleââ¬â¢s lives actually moves people apart and allows them to go their own way and refuse socialization which then creates a disconnected society. Upon reading Louis Menandââ¬â¢s article entitled ââ¬Å"Thumbspeak. Is Texting Here to Stay?â⬠it made me think about the underlying effect of the kind of communication that mobile phones bring into our society. True indeed that mobile texting has become a worldwide phenomenon because it delivers the message to the recipient in a fast, convenient and, most importantly, affordable manner (Menand). It does not matter anymore where the receiver of the message is located because a mobile text message can reach anybody from any part of the globe. I will not deny the fact that the us e of mobile phones brings many benefits to its users. The most apparent advantage of texting is that it accelerates communication (Menand). For instance in the road, the speedy form of communication brought by mobile phones can actually save lives when there is a pressing need to call the emergency hotline. With the use of cell phone, people can immediately call for help that often minimizes the emergency response time and saves more lives on the road. In terms of business, the advantages of using cell phone for businessmen and women are endless, and this encompasses cell phone use even while driving. Business people are supposed to be always reachable especially by their clients because it is going to be huge loss if they miss just one transaction. For business people, work-related issues are on the top of their list and this means being available to address and resolve these issues at any time, regardless of the locations. In terms of relationships, it is not new anymore that ther e are times when men and women rather communicate their thoughts or emotions towards another person through texting or calling via their mobile phone. ââ¬Å"A less obvious attraction of texting is that it uses a telephone to avoid what many people dread about face-to-face exchanges, and even about telephonesââ¬âhaving to have a real, unscripted conversationâ⬠(Menand). The use of cellular phones on a daily basis is an indication of the construct of efficiency and multi-tasking. It has emphatically made peopleââ¬â¢s lives easier, particularly communication. Imagine the convenience of talking to a family member or a colleague while we are at the mall and doing shopping. Imagine the ease of having a three-way business conference while we are at home doing household chores or, perhaps, caring for our children. Cellular phones have indeed allow people to do various tasks all at the same time. But while allowing people to efficiently multi-task and immediately reach and commu nicate with people, cellular phones have also marked a greater superficiality to the manner that people communicate today. However, communication is essential to keep any relationship stronger and to develop deeper connection with other people. Accordingly, it is better to have a close interaction or personal contact rather than hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-91620531717715936962019-11-16T11:47:00.001-08:002019-11-16T11:47:12.666-08:00Human Behavior And The Social Environment Philosophy EssayHuman Behavior And The Social Environment Philosophy Essay Skinner is a radical behaviorist and determinist who proposed that human behavior is controlled by objective observable factors such as environmental conditions and genetic factors. He suggested that human behavior can be classified into two types: respondents and operants. Respondents are behaviors that caused by environmental stimulus while operants are behaviors that act on the environment. He asserted that both respondents and operants are totally controlled by the environment. The main difference of these two kinds of behaviors is the nature of the control. Respondent is elicited by an environmental stimulus while operant occurs before the environmental stimulus. The environmental consequences which due to operants will control the behaviors that follows. There are three major ways that the environmental consequences can control behaviors: reinforcement, punishment and extinction. Inner State Skinner defined inner state such as feelings and emotions as a predisposition to act which means affecting the probability of occurrence in certain behaviors. He claimed that inner state is the effects of genetic make-up and personal experiences rather than the cause of behaviors. Thinking and Decision Making Skinner perceived thinking as a kind of behavior which is also affected by our own past experiences and through others instructions. A kind of thinking that Skinner mentioned is decision making which is closely related to making choices. Skinner asserted that free choices do not exist. Our past experiences, behaviors and behavioral consequences control the decisions or choices that we make. Freedom According to Skinner (1971), Freedom is a matter of contingencies of reinforcement, not of the feelings the contingencies generate (p. 38). He defined freedom as a behavioral process but nothing related to the state of mind. He believes that freedom can be partly experienced when we could avoid or escape from aversive elements of the environment. However, we still cant free ourselves from the environment. Self- Control Although Skinner emphasized that behaviors are entirely controlled, our determined behaviors can modify the physical and social environments which exert different effects on our behavior, thus controlling ourselves indirectly. He believed that the behavior which causes aversive consequences can be controlled by negative reinforcement such as avoiding or escaping from the situation in order to reduce the probability of being punished. The Perspective from Rogers Rogers took the humanistic phenomenology approach (Nye, p. 98) to understand human development. Self-Actualization Rogers believed that self-actualization, which includes personal growth and realization of basic potentialities, exists in human. He suggested that we should not set any absolute limit to the level of actualization as our full potential is always an unknown based on our present knowledge. Inner Human Experiencing To study human behavior, Roger emphasized the importance of inner human experiencing. This refers to evaluating ourselves subjectively such as our thoughts and feelings and trying to understand others empathetically. The Self Theory The subjective awareness of ourselves and the surrounding environment are the most important determinants of behaviors. The objective reality of the environment is not an important factor that determines behaviors. This means that the realistic self-concept develops a perception of the external reality and the circumstance in which we find ourselves, thus affecting behaviors. Unconditional Positive Regard Rogers suggested that positive regards are innate needs of humans, which include love, acceptance and respect. These needs are usually fulfilled by others who are in intimate relationships with us. Unconditional positive regards mean these needs can be fulfilled simply because we, as humans, are worthy. When these needs are not given unconditionally, especially in childhood, then there is a higher possibility for unfavorable characteristics to be developed. On the contrary, conditioned positive regards refer to regards that are only given when we meet others expectations. The key differences in viewing human development between Skinner and Rogers Views on Human Nature In Rogers approach, he assumed that we naturally have an actualizing tendency and are growth-motivated persons (Nye, p. 135). On the other hand, Skinner viewed humans as environmentally controlled persons (Nye, p. 135) who are being predisposed and manipulated since birth to become products of the environment. Views on Personality Development Regarding personality development, Skinner stressed that it depends primarily on the outcomes that our behaviors have. We all have different personalities which make us as unique persons because there are differences in our reinforcement histories. The stronger the history of positive reinforcement is, the more likely for us to well-develop a favorable personality. Differently, Roger believed that humans have the potential to maintain an ever-upward spiraling in development if we are exposed to unconditional positive regards. Views on Human Behavior Although Rogers admitted that there is an influence of the environment on human behaviors, he stressed that the subjective, inner feelings and experiences play the most significant role in determining behaviors. In contrast, Skinner insisted that our behaviors are merely controlled by genetic and environmental factors but not any of our inner states. He believed that we are controlled by the environment in three major ways: reinforcement, extinction and punishment. Views on Freedom When it comes to freedom, Rogers perceived it as something inner, subjective and existential. As long as the openness and responsiveness to the totality of our experiencing are developed within us, we could experience a sense of freedom and choose the way we behave. On the other hand, Skinner argued that freedom is nothing related to the state of mind. Humans are not free to decide our own fates but are determined by the environment. My commentary on Rogers and Skinner Perspectives I prefer Rogers over Skinner perspective on human development. I think that Skinner over-emphasized on behavior control which is dehumanizing and might indirectly mislead the society to treat persons as objects or machines which to be manipulated. I tried to imagine how my life would have become if Rogers perspective didnt ever existed and my personal beliefs were all based on Skinners approach. All of my behaviors and experiences were predetermined and being controlled which I did not have any choices at all. I couldnt experience the sense of satisfaction from what I endeavored to achieve since i would believe that favorable environment was the only reason which contributed to my success. It would be discouraging and my life would have less meaning. On the other hand, Rogers perspective makes me feel optimistic towards life by believing that the potential for growth and actualization reside within myself. Despite things are falling apart in times of adversity, I still live with hope and strongly believe that I am equipped with the power to overcome difficulties and live a better life in the future. Rogers perspective enhanced my self-understanding especially through the concept of unconditional positive regards. According to my own personal experiences, I strongly agree with Rogers that unconditional positive regards are prominent to the development of a healthy, fully functioning person. In my childhood, I had learnt that love and acceptance could only be gained with the condition that I was well-behaved, independent and expressed with favorable feelings and emotions. As a result, I have been experiencing psychological discomforts over the years with the feeling of being broken. I mean there is a large discrepancy between my actual and ideal self which Rogers called it as incongruence (Nye, 2000, p. 110). Moreover, I appreciated Rogers who had taken an inclusive approach to study human development which involves objective, subjective and empathic perspectives. He paid great attention to the inner state of human while at the same time didnt deny that the environment affects how we behave. All, in all, I think both perspectives have its interest to offer and undoubtedly allowed me to enhance self-understanding, the behaviors of others as well as the effects of the physical and social environment. Although the understanding of theories on human development is important, I believe that we should keep in mind not to overlook each individuals unique personality and experiences nor over-generalize individuals by imposing these theories on them. hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3828561886930149323.post-62713378630234954682019-11-14T00:18:00.001-08:002019-11-14T00:18:05.495-08:00Cloning Essay -- essays research papers fc Cloning. Many people associate it with science-fiction novels, not with real life, but animal cloning is a process that is being attempted today all over the world, and human cloning might be next. But should cloning be made illegal? According to the Washington Post, cloning should be made illegal because all nursery rhymes would have to be rewritten: Mary didnââ¬â¢t have a lamb, she had two lambs and a sister named Bridget who looked exactly like her. Mary and Bridget went to school one day with both lambs, but the school board threw them out as cloning was against the rules. Also, the role of the father is not important in cloning. He can make one child, but the next is done by Xerox machine. Cloned children, however, would also celebrate Fatherââ¬â¢s Day. All cloning should be made completely illegal because such an insignificant amount of births are successful, nearly all clones have health problems, and the technology is far from perfected. à à à à à Very few animal clones make it to birth, and the ones that do usually have serious health problems, including physical deformities (such as enlarged umbilical cords) to life-threatening conditions (like being born with no immune system) (Boyce 42). Less than three percent of all cloning attempts succeed: ââ¬Å" . . . scientists have good reason to be pessimistic: several years of animal cloning work has taught them that most cloned animals never even make it to birth and the rare ones that do all too frequently have [serious health] problemsâ⬠(Boyce 42). Because of all of these facts, cloning should never even be considered on human beings. ââ¬Å"Scientists estimate that fewer than a quarter of [cloned] newborns would survive without intensive careâ⬠(Boyce 43). à à à à à A very high probability of animal clones having all sorts of problems including poorly developed lungs and failing hearts, to grossly enlarged placentas and misshapen heads exist in all cloning attempts. Any attempts to clone a human with todayââ¬â¢s technology would almost always produce a child with some sort of defect, whether major or minor. ââ¬Å"Many [cloned animal] newborns have poorly developed lungs. And cattle have been born with deformed headsâ⬠(Boyce 42). Scientists say that they see some sort of genetic problem almost every time they clone and they do not know what is wrong with the cloning process, or why the cl... ... not have enough room to develop in the uterus. Cloned animals have nearly always had some sort of obvious defect, and the ones that do not look normal almost always are not really normal. Also, there are 30,000 genes and the chances are extremely small that an egg cell would reprogram all of these genes correctly (Kolata 1). As a result, the clones are not normal. Because of all of this, cloning should be made illegal. ********************************** Works Cited Boyce, Nell. ââ¬Å"Multiplicity Perils. A Human is Likely To Be Cloned and Soon. Is It Worth the Risk?â⬠U.S. News & World Report 19 Mar 2001: 42-43. Griffith, Victoria. ââ¬Å"Scientists To Lend Weight To Attack On Human Cloning.â⬠Financial Times 28 Mar 2001: 6. Kolata, Gina. ââ¬Å"Researchers Find Big Risk of Defect in Cloning Animals.â⬠New York Times 25 Mar 2001: 1. Josefson, Deborah. ââ¬Å"Scientists Plan Human Cloning Clinic in the United States.â⬠British Medical Journal 10 Feb 2001: 315. McPherson, Coco. ââ¬Å"Creation Myths.â⬠The Village Voice 13 Feb 2001: 12. ââ¬Å"Why Not Human Clones?â⬠The Christian Century 21 Feb 2001: 5. Zitner, Aaron. ââ¬Å"House Sets the Stage for Debate on the Cloning of Humans.â⬠The Los Angeles Times 25 Mar 2001: A.20. Cloning Essay -- essays research papers fc Cloning. Many people associate it with science-fiction novels, not with real life, but animal cloning is a process that is being attempted today all over the world, and human cloning might be next. But should cloning be made illegal? According to the Washington Post, cloning should be made illegal because all nursery rhymes would have to be rewritten: Mary didnââ¬â¢t have a lamb, she had two lambs and a sister named Bridget who looked exactly like her. Mary and Bridget went to school one day with both lambs, but the school board threw them out as cloning was against the rules. Also, the role of the father is not important in cloning. He can make one child, but the next is done by Xerox machine. Cloned children, however, would also celebrate Fatherââ¬â¢s Day. All cloning should be made completely illegal because such an insignificant amount of births are successful, nearly all clones have health problems, and the technology is far from perfected. à à à à à Very few animal clones make it to birth, and the ones that do usually have serious health problems, including physical deformities (such as enlarged umbilical cords) to life-threatening conditions (like being born with no immune system) (Boyce 42). Less than three percent of all cloning attempts succeed: ââ¬Å" . . . scientists have good reason to be pessimistic: several years of animal cloning work has taught them that most cloned animals never even make it to birth and the rare ones that do all too frequently have [serious health] problemsâ⬠(Boyce 42). Because of all of these facts, cloning should never even be considered on human beings. ââ¬Å"Scientists estimate that fewer than a quarter of [cloned] newborns would survive without intensive careâ⬠(Boyce 43). à à à à à A very high probability of animal clones having all sorts of problems including poorly developed lungs and failing hearts, to grossly enlarged placentas and misshapen heads exist in all cloning attempts. Any attempts to clone a human with todayââ¬â¢s technology would almost always produce a child with some sort of defect, whether major or minor. ââ¬Å"Many [cloned animal] newborns have poorly developed lungs. And cattle have been born with deformed headsâ⬠(Boyce 42). Scientists say that they see some sort of genetic problem almost every time they clone and they do not know what is wrong with the cloning process, or why the cl... ... not have enough room to develop in the uterus. Cloned animals have nearly always had some sort of obvious defect, and the ones that do not look normal almost always are not really normal. Also, there are 30,000 genes and the chances are extremely small that an egg cell would reprogram all of these genes correctly (Kolata 1). As a result, the clones are not normal. Because of all of this, cloning should be made illegal. ********************************** Works Cited Boyce, Nell. ââ¬Å"Multiplicity Perils. A Human is Likely To Be Cloned and Soon. Is It Worth the Risk?â⬠U.S. News & World Report 19 Mar 2001: 42-43. Griffith, Victoria. ââ¬Å"Scientists To Lend Weight To Attack On Human Cloning.â⬠Financial Times 28 Mar 2001: 6. Kolata, Gina. ââ¬Å"Researchers Find Big Risk of Defect in Cloning Animals.â⬠New York Times 25 Mar 2001: 1. Josefson, Deborah. ââ¬Å"Scientists Plan Human Cloning Clinic in the United States.â⬠British Medical Journal 10 Feb 2001: 315. McPherson, Coco. ââ¬Å"Creation Myths.â⬠The Village Voice 13 Feb 2001: 12. ââ¬Å"Why Not Human Clones?â⬠The Christian Century 21 Feb 2001: 5. Zitner, Aaron. ââ¬Å"House Sets the Stage for Debate on the Cloning of Humans.â⬠The Los Angeles Times 25 Mar 2001: A.20. Cloning Essay -- essays research papers fc Cloning. Many people associate it with science-fiction novels, not with real life, but animal cloning is a process that is being attempted today all over the world, and human cloning might be next. But should cloning be made illegal? According to the Washington Post, cloning should be made illegal because all nursery rhymes would have to be rewritten: Mary didnââ¬â¢t have a lamb, she had two lambs and a sister named Bridget who looked exactly like her. Mary and Bridget went to school one day with both lambs, but the school board threw them out as cloning was against the rules. Also, the role of the father is not important in cloning. He can make one child, but the next is done by Xerox machine. Cloned children, however, would also celebrate Fatherââ¬â¢s Day. All cloning should be made completely illegal because such an insignificant amount of births are successful, nearly all clones have health problems, and the technology is far from perfected. à à à à à Very few animal clones make it to birth, and the ones that do usually have serious health problems, including physical deformities (such as enlarged umbilical cords) to life-threatening conditions (like being born with no immune system) (Boyce 42). Less than three percent of all cloning attempts succeed: ââ¬Å" . . . scientists have good reason to be pessimistic: several years of animal cloning work has taught them that most cloned animals never even make it to birth and the rare ones that do all too frequently have [serious health] problemsâ⬠(Boyce 42). Because of all of these facts, cloning should never even be considered on human beings. ââ¬Å"Scientists estimate that fewer than a quarter of [cloned] newborns would survive without intensive careâ⬠(Boyce 43). à à à à à A very high probability of animal clones having all sorts of problems including poorly developed lungs and failing hearts, to grossly enlarged placentas and misshapen heads exist in all cloning attempts. Any attempts to clone a human with todayââ¬â¢s technology would almost always produce a child with some sort of defect, whether major or minor. ââ¬Å"Many [cloned animal] newborns have poorly developed lungs. And cattle have been born with deformed headsâ⬠(Boyce 42). Scientists say that they see some sort of genetic problem almost every time they clone and they do not know what is wrong with the cloning process, or why the cl... ... not have enough room to develop in the uterus. Cloned animals have nearly always had some sort of obvious defect, and the ones that do not look normal almost always are not really normal. Also, there are 30,000 genes and the chances are extremely small that an egg cell would reprogram all of these genes correctly (Kolata 1). As a result, the clones are not normal. Because of all of this, cloning should be made illegal. ********************************** Works Cited Boyce, Nell. ââ¬Å"Multiplicity Perils. A Human is Likely To Be Cloned and Soon. Is It Worth the Risk?â⬠U.S. News & World Report 19 Mar 2001: 42-43. Griffith, Victoria. ââ¬Å"Scientists To Lend Weight To Attack On Human Cloning.â⬠Financial Times 28 Mar 2001: 6. Kolata, Gina. ââ¬Å"Researchers Find Big Risk of Defect in Cloning Animals.â⬠New York Times 25 Mar 2001: 1. Josefson, Deborah. ââ¬Å"Scientists Plan Human Cloning Clinic in the United States.â⬠British Medical Journal 10 Feb 2001: 315. McPherson, Coco. ââ¬Å"Creation Myths.â⬠The Village Voice 13 Feb 2001: 12. ââ¬Å"Why Not Human Clones?â⬠The Christian Century 21 Feb 2001: 5. Zitner, Aaron. ââ¬Å"House Sets the Stage for Debate on the Cloning of Humans.â⬠The Los Angeles Times 25 Mar 2001: A.20. hattiemitchel85http://www.blogger.com/profile/14296777830621159712noreply@blogger.com0